Vori8^8o""- ;        Cinchonas  of  U.  S.  Commerce,  537 
It  will  be  seen  that  the  yellow  barks  are  much  better  than  the  red  ;  62 
per  cent,  of  the  former,. but  45*4  per  cent,  of  the  latter  were  officinal. 
The  character  of  the  wholesale  barks  is  much  better  than  of  the  retail ; 
50  per  cent,  of  the  retail  and  51  per  cent,  of  the  wholesale  were  offici- 
nal; but  the  unofficinal  species  of  the  wholesale  houses  were  'more 
frequently  sold  under  their  proper  designations. 
In  connection  with  this,  some  reported  assays  of  these  unofficinal 
barks  might  be  interesting,  though  it  is  feared  they  have  been  made  on 
commercial  lots  instead  of  on  quantities  in  which  every  piece  has  had 
its  botanical  origin  proved. 
C.  peruviana:  Total  alkaloids  2*06  to  6*25  per  cent.,  mostly  cin- 
chonia  and  cinchonidia. 
C.  pitayensis:  3*2  per  cent,  quinia  (Jamieson,  "Pharm.  Journ.  and 
Trans.,"  Sept.  i,  1865),  i'J5  per  cent,  quinia  sulphate,  2*3  per  cent, 
crystallized  cinchonia  (M.  Guibourt, "Am.  Jour.  Pharm.,"  March,  1854, 
P*  '^5)^  5*85  per  cent,  quinia  sulphate,  4*19  per  cent,  quinidia  and 
cinchonidia^  1*3  per  cent,  cinchonia  (^^Annales  des  Sciences  Naturelles," 
vol.  xii,  series  5,  p.  39). 
C.  lancifolia :  i"25  to  2'5  per  cent,  quinia  sulphate,  '25  to  i  "5  per  cent, 
cinchonia  sulphate  (Karsten,  ''Pharm.  Journ.  and  Trans.,"  Sept.  i, 
1858),  9  to  1*9  per  cent,  quinia  sulphate  (''Am.  Jour.  Phar.,"  March, 
1854,  p.  185),  I*  to  3*5  per  cent,  quinia,  o  to  4*5  quinia;  cinchonia 
and  cinchonidia  are  quite  prominent  in  some  varieties,  but  wanting  in 
others  ("Ann.  Sci.  Nat.,"  vol.  xii,  series  5,  p.  33). 
C.  scrobiculata :  Quinia  sulphate  '4  per  cent.,  cinchonia  sulphate 
1*2  per  cent.,  quinia  -44  per  cent.,  quinidia  '63  per  cent.,  cinchonia  '86 
per  cent.  ("Ann.  Sci.  Nat.,'^  vol.  xii,  series  5,  p.  47). 
C.  cordifolia:  Quinia  sulphate  i'2  to  1-4  per  cent.,  cinchonia  sul- 
phate '5  to  -6  per  cent.  ("Ann.  Sci.  Nat.,"  vol.  xii,  series  5,  p.  71). 
(We  have  seen  but  one  "spurious  cinchona,"  genus  Ladenbergia, 
species  probably  magnifolia,  and  this  origin  was  indicated  by  its  label — 
Cinchona  bicolor.) 
Ann  Arbor,  Mich.,  June  23,  1880, 
