6 14  Morphia  and  Opium  Trade  in  the  U.  S.  { '''"Derisso"'"^ 
metals,  usually  cupric  nitrate,  to  facilitate  the  oxidation  process.  The 
finest  phenylated  blues  are  now  made  by  heating  together  very  pure 
rosanilin  (made  by  Coupier's  process)  and  a  large  excess  of  pure  anilin 
and  benzoic  or  stearic  acid,  preferably  the  former.  Anilin  green,  vert' 
lumitre^  is  now  made  by  heating  methyl  salts  with  methyl  anilin  violet,, 
thus  dispensing  v^^ith  the  costly  use  of  iodine.  But  methyl  green  has 
itself  been  largely  replaced  of  late  by  malachite  green^  made  by  the 
action  of  benzoyl  tri-chloride  on  dimethyl  anilin,  the  color  so  obtained) 
exhibiting  superior  stability  in  comparison  with  the  methyl  and  iodine 
greens. 
The  beautiful  resorcine  derivative  eosine  is  of  comparatively  recent^ 
introduction,  and  has  established  its  claim  to  be  considered  a  valuable 
addition  to  the  resources  of  the  dyer.  The  phthaleins  of  phenol,  resor- 
cine, and  other  phenolic  substances,  have  of  late  been  converted  into 
eosine  and  analogous  coloring  matter  by  using  instead  of  bromine  itself 
a  mixture  of  a  bromide  and  bromate  (or  corresponding  chlorine  or 
iodine  compounds)  with  acetic  acid  or  some  other  weak. acid  ;  and  alka 
line  hypochiorates  have  also  been  employed  to  thus  modify  the  pre- 
paration of  aureosine  and  other  colors  of  the  eosine  class,  whose  beauty 
is,  unfortunately,  not  equalled  by  their  permanence.  The  tri  atomic 
phenol  pyrogallol  has  given  rise  to  the  dyes  ^'galleine"  and  "coeru- 
leine." 
It  is  needless  to  say  that  artificial  alizarin  from  anthracene  has  within 
ten  years  replaced,  to  an  immense  extent,  the  natural  madder,  and 
become  recognized  in  the  very  front  rank  of  artificial  coloring  materials. - 
— Am,  Chem,  Jour.^  ii,  p.  263. 
SOME  FACTS  CONCERNING  THE  MORPHIA  AND 
OPIUM  TRADE  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
By  R.  F.  Fairthorne,  Ph.G. 
When  man  lost  his  claim  to  innocent  perfection  by  his  disobedience 
to  the  divine  command  he  obtained  possession  of  the  knowledge 
of  two  great  powers,  namely,  of  good  and  evil.  These,  through  vari- 
ous agencies,  he  has  employed  ever  since.  His  acquaintance  with  the 
eff'ects  of  opium  may  be  considered  one  of  these  agents  and  reckoned, 
as  an  inheritance,  for  which  in  the  present  day  he  may  be  thankful  or 
