IMPROVEMENTS  IN  TREATING  FATTY  AND  OILY  MATTERS.  125 
The  second  part  of  my  said  invention  consists  of  a  mode  of 
treating  a  mixture  of  fatty  matters,  (whether  acid  or  neutral)  and 
a  carbonated  alkali  for  the  purpose  of  manufacturing  soap. 
For  this  purpose,  I  mix  the  fatty  bodies  in  a  liquid  state  with 
the  quantity  of  carbonated  alkali  in  solution  which  may  be 
necessary  to  convert  it  into  soap,  and  then  subject  the  mixture  to  a 
high  temperature  under  pressure,  in  like  manner  as  hereinbefore 
described  in  practising  my  mode  of  obtaining  fatty  acids  and  gly- 
erin.  And  for  this  purpose  the  apparatus  hereinbefore  described 
for  producing  the  fatty  acids  and  glycerin  by  a  continuous  process 
may  be  used  for  the  production  of  soap  in  a  similar  manner. 
The  carbonated  alkali  may  be  dissolved  merely  in  the  quantity  of 
water  which  is  intended  to  remain  in  the  soap  produced.  If 
resinous  or  other  matters  are  intended  to  be  used  in  the  manu- 
facture of  the  soap,  they  may  be  dissolved  either  in  the  alkali 
solution  or  the  oil,  or  may  be  combined  with  the  soap  after  it 
has  left  the  apparatus. 
The  degree  of  heat  required  is  less  than  that  which  is  necessary 
to  produce  free  fat  acids,  and  should  generally  be  kept  between 
the  melting  points  of  tin  and  bismuth.  At  about  350°  Fah.  the 
neutral  fats  will  form  soaps,  with  the  solution  of  alkaline  carbon- 
ates, but  a  higher  temperature  will  produce  the  result  more 
quickly. 
The  carbonic  acid  expelled  from  the  alkali  in  this  process,  when 
performed  in  the  apparatus  above  described,  escapes  as  the  soap 
issues  from  the  exit  valve  ;  if  but  little  water  has  been  used,  and 
the  quality  of  the  soap  is  sufficiently  good  without  further  puri- 
fication, it  can  be  put  into  frames  to  harden  at  once,  or  it  may 
be  put  into  the  coppers,  boiled  up,  and  separated  from  the  gly- 
cerin (when  neutral  fats  have  been  used,)  and  finished  in  the 
usual  manner. 
I  claim  as  of  my  invention, — 
First,  the  manufacturing  of  fatty  acids  and  glycerin  from 
fatty  bodies  by  means  of  water  and  heat  acting  thereon,  as  here- 
inbefore  described;  and 
Secondly,  the  manufacturing  of  soap  by  treating  a  mixture  of 
fatty  matters  and  a  carbonated  alkali,  as  above  described  Jour. 
Franklin  Institute,  Jan.  1855,  from  Repert.  Pat.  Invent.  Nov. 
1854. 
