ON  TRAGACANTH  AND  ITS  ADULTERATION.  427 
Superior  qualities. 
1.  White  picked  Yalavatz  gum  tragacanth. 
2.  Caissar  gum  tragacanth. 
3.  French  assorted  leaf — sample  of  seven  cases. 
4.  Broken  leaf  picked  by  women,  mixed  with  fine  leaf. 
5.  Broken  leaf  of  Caissar  gum,  mixed  with  fine  leaf. 
G.  Vermicelli  as  picked  out  before  mixing  with  Sesame. 
7.  Vermicelli — sample  of  one  case. 
8.  Very  small  leaf,  termed  Sesame,  mixed  with  Vermicelli. 
Inferior  qualities. 
9.  Common  leaf  mixed  with  English  assortment. 
10.  English  assorted  leaf — sample  of  four  cases. 
11.  Common  or  sorts — sample  of  two  cases. 
12.  Small  refuse,  thrown  out — almost  worthless. 
13.  Large  refuse  gum — almost  worthless. 
Gums  used  for  the  Adulteration  of  Tragacanth. 
14.  Moussul  gum. 
15.  Caramania  gum,  first  quality,  worth  £2  10s.  per  cwt.,  to 
be  mixed  when  broken  up  and  whitened,  with  fine  leaf  and 
Vermicelli. 
16.  Caramania  gum,  second  quality,  worth  £1  10s.  per  cwt., 
to  be  mixed  when  broken  up  and  whitened,  with  sorts  gum. 
17.  Caramania  gum,  broken  into  fragments  and  white  lead, 
for  mixture  with  English  assorted  leaf  in  the  proportion  of  50 
per  cent. 
18.  Caramania  gum  in  smaller  fragments,  whitened  with  white 
lead,  for  mixture  with  Vermicelli,  in  the  proportion  of  50  per 
cent. 
19.  Caramania  gum,  whitened  with  white  lead,  for  mixture  with 
sorts  and  common  gum,  in  the  proportion  of  100  per  cent. 
The  substances  designated  Moussul  Gum  and  Caramania  Gum 
belong  to  the  somewhat  ill-defined  group  described  by  pharma- 
cologists as  Bassora  Gum,  Kutera  Gum,  and  False  Tragacanth. 
In  a  small  but  interesting  collection  of  gums  and  gum-resins 
formed  in  Persia  by  W.  K.  Loftus,  Esq.,  and  deposited  partly 
in  the  British  Museum,  and  partly  in  the  Museum  of  the  Royal 
Gardens  at  Kew,  is  a  specimen  of  our  Moussul  Gum,  stated  to 
be  the  «  common  Ketira  of  the  Arabs,  exuded  from  the  Gawan 
or  Gabban  of  Persia."  Is  this  plant  the  Gochlospermum 
Gossypium,  De  C? 
