494 
AMERICAN  PHAMACEUTICAL  ASSOCIATION. 
essays  received  are  worthy  of  the  prizes,  that  they  decline 
awarding  them  in  their  report.  The  contributors  may  then 
either  withdraw  their  essays,  or  leave  them  in  the  possession  of 
the  Association. 
3d.  Resolved,  That  the  essays  contributed  for  the  prizes  be 
delivered,  free  of  charge,  to  Charles  Ellis,  56  Chestnut  street, 
Philadelphia,  on  or  before  the  second  Tuesday  of  August,  1856, 
in  order  to  give  time  for  their  examination. 
There  being  no  further  business,  on  motion  of  Mr.  Colcord.  the 
Secretary  proceeded  to  read  the  minutes  of  the  several  sessions, 
which  being  approved,  the  Association  adjourned  to  meet  in  Bal- 
timore, on  Tuesday,  the  9th  of  September,  1856. 
Extracts  from  a  Report  on  the  Production  of  Wine,  Brandy,  and  Tartar,  in  the 
vicinity  of  Cincinnati.    By  Edward  S.  Wayne,  of  Cincinnati. 
"  The  culture  of  the  grape  for  the  purpose  of  wine-making  in  the  West 
is  not  so  recent  as  is  generally  supposed.  Amongst  the  earliest  settlers  of 
the  Ohio  valley,  were  a  number  of  Swiss,  French,  and  Germans,  who  were 
well  acquainted  with  the  culture  of  the  grape,  and  being  deprived  in  these 
wilds  of  their  loved  and  accustomed  beverage,  soon  saw  in  the  IiilLsides  of 
their  adopted  home  a  resemblance  to  those  of  their  native  land,  and  their 
adaptation  to  the  culture  of  the  grape.  It  is  to  them  that  we  are  indebted 
for  our  vineyards.  Their  efforts  soon  attracted  the  attention  of  others,  who 
finding  the  culture  profitable,  gave  it  impetus,  and  year  after  year  the  num- 
ber of  acres  under  cultivation  has  been  rapidly  on  the  increase. 
"  The  earliest  record  we  have  of  this  culture  in  the  West,  is  in  1796.  Du- 
four  mentions  that  he  saw  wine  made  by  a  Frenchman,  at  Marietta,  in  that 
year.  Vineyards  were  started  soon  after  at  Galliopolis,  and  also  at  Vevay. 
They  have  all,  however,  fallen  into  decay.  The  earliest  attempt  made  in 
the  vicinity  of  Cincinnati,  was  by  a  French  political  exile,  in  1799,  whose 
vineyard  was  a  hill-side,  since  graded,  and  now  the  heart  of  the  city  of 
Cincinnati.  This  was  the  beginning  of  that  culture  for  which  the  enviions 
of  our  city  have  at  length  become  so  distinguished. 
"  The  failure  of  the  early  vineyards  is  to  be  attributed  to  the  want  of  a 
suitable  variety  of  the  grape,  adapted  to  the  peculiarity  of  the  soil  and  cli- 
mate ;  foreign  varieties  have  not  been  found  to  succeed  well.  Those  which 
have  been  most  successful,  and  produce  good  wines,  are  the  Catawba  and 
Isabella.  The  former  is  chiefly  cultivated  ;  the  other  varieties,  ©f  both  for- 
eign and  native  origin,  are  cultivated  to  a  small  extent.  The  Cafeaw,ba  is  a 
native  grape  first  noticed  m  North  Carolina.  The  origin  of  the  Isabella  is 
obscure,  but  is,  I  believe,  now  generally  admitted  to  be  of  foreign  parent- 
age. Each  variety  has,  however,  some  peculiar  advantage  over  the  other, 
either  in  being  more  hardy,  or  the  fruit  less  subject  to  disease.  But  although 
