MANUFACTURE OP SUGAR IN BARBADOES. 
55 
a shed or in stacks; it burns rapidly, producing a powerful 
flame, which maintains the whole of the evaporating pans 
in a state of rapid and violent ebullition, besides imparting 
the requisite degree of heat to the liquor under clarification. 
The juice, as it flows from the crushing-mill, is frothy, 
turbid, and foul, but very pale in colour; after clarification 
earefully conducted, it becomes quite clear, but acquires the 
light amber colour of pale sherry or Madeira wine. In the 
evaporating vessels it becomes darker and darker, until 
when removed from the last and smallest pan to the cooler, 
it nearly resembles in colour and consistence ordinary tar. 
After crystallization, however,, the greater part of the dark 
colouring matter drains away in the mother-liquor or mo- 
lasses, leaving the crystals in the yellowish or brownish 
state familiar to every one in common raw sugar. Even 
this degree of colour, however, is in great part superficial, 
for if the crystals be washed with a little water or white 
syrup, they become nearly white. 
In the process of tempering, considerable judgment is re- 
quired ; enough lime in the state of lime-water, or milk of 
lime, should be added to render the liquid quite neutral, or 
perhaps better, with a very slight tendency to alkalinity. 
An excess of lime does great mischief, darkening still further 
the liquor, and injuring the product of crystallized sugar 
both in quality and quantity. From the variable nature of 
the cane-juice, according to the season, wet, and other cir- 
cumstances, the quantity of lime required is found to vary 
greatly. 
The skill and judgment of the sugar-boilers are again ex- 
ercised in deciding on the most advantageous degree of 
concentration to which to bring the syrup in the last pan. 
If it be not pushed far enough, the product of sugar is 
greatly diminished ; if, on the contrary, it be left for even a 
very few minutes too long over so fierce a fire, it is so far 
altered in properties as to be in great part rendered uncrys- 
tallizable. In both this and the clarification process, the 
