140 
ON COD-LIVER OIL. 
Constituents. 
Pale Oil. 
Pale b'wn oil. 
Brown Oil. 
Oleic acid (with Gaduin and / 
two other substances) - - ) 
74.03300 
71.75700 
69.78500 
Margaric acid 
11.75700 
15.42100 
16.14500 
Glycerin - - - 
10.17700 
9.07300 
9.71100 
Butyric acid - 
0.07436 
— 
0.15875 
Acetic acid - - - 
0.04571 
0.12506 
Fellinic and cholic acids, with i 
a small quantity of margarine, > 
0.04300 
0.06200 
0.29900 
oleine, and bilifulvin - \ 
Bilifulvin, bilifellinic acid, and ( 
two peculiar substances - ) 
0.26800 
0.44000 
A Ch-I A A 
0.87600 
A peculiar substance, soluble ~) 
in alcohol - - 3 
A A A /"» A A 
0.00600 
a a 1 a a 
0.01 5OO 
A AODAA 
0.03800 
A peculiar substance, insoluble 
in water, alcohol, and ether 3 
A A f\ -i A A 
0.00100 
A AAOAA 
0.00200 
A A A /T A A 
0.00500 
Iodine - 
0.03740 
0.04060 
0.02950 
v_< 11 lUi lllc, aim LldLcs Ul UIUIIlinG 
1 t can 
U. 14oo0 
Phosphoric acid - 
0.09135 
0.07890 
0.05365 
Sulphuric acid - 
0.07 100 
A A 1 A 1 A 
U. 01 010 
Phosphorus - - - 
0.02125 
0.01136 
0.00754 
Lime - 
0.15150 
0.16780 
0.08170 
Magnesia - 
0.00880 
0.01230 
0.00380 
Soda - 
0.05540 
0.06810 
0.01790 
Iron - 
a trace 
Loss - 
3.00943 
2.60319 
2.56900 
Cod-liver oil - - 
100.00000 | 
100.00000 ! 
100.00000 
By reference to this table, there will be observed some 
slight differences in the composition of the three kinds of 
oil. Whether these are constant or accidental, farther in- 
vestigations are required to determine. But from De 
Jongh's analysis, it would appear that thejoa/eoil is richest 
in oleic acid and glycerine — that the brown oil contains the 
largest amount of margaric, butyric, and acetic acids, and 
of the substances peculiar to cod-liver oil — and, lastly, that 
the pale brown oil is richest in iodine and saline matters. 
I now proceed to notice in detail some of the substances 
which enter into the composition of this oil. 
1. Of Gaduin. — For the discovery of this substance in 
cod-liver oil, we are indebted to De Jongh. It may be ob- 
tained as follows: Saponify cod-liver oil by means of 
caustic soda, and decompose the soap thus obtained, by 
