272 
PHARMACY IN SPAIN. 
mixture becomes dry from the evaporation of the liquid 
employed, the dust is diffused through the atmosphere, and 
not only is there loss of product, but the operator suffers 
inconvenience from the inhalation of mercurial vapors. 
These evils may be obviated by adopting the following 
method of effecting the combination: the mercury is put into 
a strong stoppered bottle, with one-fourth of its weight of 
sulphur. These are shaken together for about two hours; 
more sulphur is then added, and the agitation continued 
until combination is completed. The process is conducted 
in this way in a shorter time, and with less inconvenience 
than that which is usually adopted.— Ibid from %/irchiv. der 
Pharmacie. 
ART. LXIII.— PHARMACY IN SPAJN. 
Report on MM. Chiarlone and Manama's History of Pharmacy in Spain. 
By MM. Cap and Gaultier de Claubry. 
The authors divide their history into four epochs ; the 
first extending from 640 before Christ to the third century 
of our era ; the second, from the ninth to the sixteenth cen- 
tury, the third, from the sixteenth to the nineteenth century. 
The fourth epoch comprises the nineteenth century. 
We will not dwell on the first epoch, the facts of that 
period relate to the general history of the sciences, and those 
appertaining to chemistry have been learnedly unravelled 
by M. Hoefer. The portion of these details relating to our 
profession, has been compiled by one of us (M. Cap) in the 
History of Pharmacy now in course of publication, and 
of which the two first parts are principally devoted to the 
history of the pharmacy of the ancients. 
The second period will appear the more interesting, in- 
