274 
PHARMACY IN SPAIN. 
159 years before Michel du Scean; but the latter is con- 
sidered by many authors, and in particular by MM. Henry 
and Guibourt, as being the first chemist who had written 
on this art. In 1486, Saladin d'Ascala wrote his Compen- 
dium Aromatorum, in which he describes the conditions 
necessary for the preservation of medicines. He mentions 
the following fact, proving that the adulteration of medicines 
has not been confined to our times. A chemist was fined 
9,000 ducats, and deprived of his civil rights during twelve 
months, for having adulterated manna with sugar and 
starch. 
Pharmacy in Spain made in the sixteenth century great 
advances, which the discovery of the New World must have 
singularly accelerated. In 1535, the College of Apothe- 
caries of Barcelona, published the Concordia Fartnacopo- 
larum Harchinonensium, and that of Saragossa, in 1553, 
the Concordia Aromalorum^ and the Farmacopea Cesar 
Augustana, which were complete treatises of Pharmacy, 
embracing all relating to that science. A special and very 
lengthy code of laws relating to Pharmacy was enacted, 
which deserve notice on account of the remarkable regula- 
tions they contained. 
We regret not being able to analyze that portion of Drs. 
Chiarlone and Mallainna's work, relative to the state of 
Pharmacy in Spain during the third epoch ; we should have 
found therein curious and important details, a great part of 
which are quite unknown in other parts of Europe. Until 
the present lime, little attention has been paid to the scien- 
tific literature of a people, who, in many other respects, 
have furnished documents of a useful nature, so that the 
union of many special conditions were necessary in order 
to investigate all that that country had produced relative to 
Pharmacy. The authors of the work we are analyzing 
were in the most favorable position for this purpose, and 
have gladly profited by it. 
The seventeenth century again offers much that is impor- 
