PHARMACY IN SPAIN. 275 
tant in the history of Spanish Pharmacy, both as regards 
the publication of numerous works by Chemists, and the 
legislation on this subject. Although much in advance of 
France in this respect, Spain was but very imperfectly 
known ; the splendor of her conquests in the New World, 
and the importance of her wealth, attracted universal atten- 
tion, and even those whose particular studies might be ex- 
pected to have led them to a knowledge of the laws relative 
to our profession, partook of the general opinion as to the 
state of ignorance in the Peninsula. 
We see in the eighteenth century a continuation of that 
movement previously given to Pharmaceutical science, and 
improved legislation in reference thereto, indicating here, 
as elsewhere, the disposition of the directing minds of that 
period. The number of books published, and the nature of 
the subjects to which they relate, are necessarily affected 
by the intellectual movement of this century, and in this 
respect Spain was not behind other nations. France has 
been accused — and it must be confessed not without cause — 
of not occupying herself sufficiently with the occurrences of 
other countries. German literature, and even that of Eng- 
land, are more aucourant of what is publishing elsewhere 
than is the case in France. 
A very interesting chapter of the work to which we are 
alluding terminates the history of the third epoch. It treats 
of the Pharmaceutical Colleges of Spain ; we cannot refrain 
from giving some of the details. These establishments, 
anterior to all the scientific academies of Europe, existed 
at Valencia, Barcelona, Saragossa, Pampeluna, Madrid, 
Seville, Toledo, Tarrogon, and in some other towns. 
The College of Valencia already existed in 1327, in the 
reign of King D. Alphonse, who granted to the Apotheca- 
ries of this city the rights of admitting into their body all 
those wishing to exercise this profession. In 1441, the 
Apothecaries petitioned the Queen, Donna Maria of Arra- 
gon, to be allowed to constitute the College into an associa- 
