PHARMACY IN SPAIN. 
277 
If the pharmaceutical legislation of our country has ex-, 
cited such numerous and legitimate reclamations, and if we 
are desirous of seeing it cast off that which it has inherited 
from past centuries, it is curious to see that Spain, which we 
imagine to be so much behind us, has preceded us in this 
respect in a remarkable manner. 
At a time when the titles of nobility were a distinction to 
which all classes could not aspire, we are interested and 
surprised to find a privilege granted in 1650 by Don Phi- 
lippe, placing in the same rank with Physicians all those 
practising Pharmacy, and declaring that they could not be 
admitted to the practice of any mechanical art, then looked 
upon as beneath that of medicine and the liberal arts. 
In 1800 Don Carlos declared Pharmacy to be distinct 
from medicinejand formed laws relative to the examinations 
and inspections of Pharmacies. To be enabled to practise, 
the degree of bachelor and doctor of medicine was necessary 
in addition to that of licentiate of Pharmacy; the inspec- 
tions were made by a physician and a chemist, and pre- 
sided over by one of the elder professors of Medicine or 
Pharmacy. A higher assembly was established for the 
faculty of Pharmacy, and charged with all the details of ad- 
ministration for the whole kingdom. 
In 1804, the same sovereign made several modifications 
to the previous laws ; he established a botanical garden, 
and a museum of natural history in each college ; the pupils 
had to attend for three years the practical and theoretical 
lectures of the colleges. 
In order to pass from one course to another, the pupils 
had to undergo a severe examination on each subject of 
their instruction. To obtain the degree of Bachelor, they 
were required to lecture in Latin for half an hour, on one 
of the branches of pharmaceutical science. 
The grade of Licentiate was to be obtained after two 
years practical exercise in the laboratories of the faculty, or 
in a chemist's shop ; a theoretical examination, and one on 
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