VARIETIES. 
273 
side;  the  supernatant  "Bloom  of  Roses"  is  then  to  be  bottled  for  sale.  If 
the  carmine  was  perfectly  pure  there  would  be  no  precipitate  ;  nearly  all 
the  carmine  purchased  from  the  makers  is  more  or  loss  sophisticated,  its 
enormous  price  being  a  premium  to  its  adulteration. 
Carmine  cannot  bo  manufactured  profitably  on  a  small  scale  for  com- 
mercial purposes ;  four  or  five  manufacturers  supply  the  whole  of  Europe ! 
M.  Titard,  Rue  Grenier  St.  Lazare,  Paris,  produces,  without  doubt,  the 
finest  article — singular  enough,  however,  the  principal  operative  in  the 
establishment  is  an  old  Englishman. 
"  The  preparation  of  the  finest  carmine  is  still  a  mystery,  because,  on 
the  one  hand,  its  consumption  being  very  limited,  few  persons  are  engaged 
in  its  manufacture;  and,  upon  the  other,  the  raw  material  being  costly, 
extensive  experiments  on  it  cannot  bo  conveniently  made." — Dr.  Ure. 
In  the  Eacyclopedie-Boret  will  be  found  no  less  than  a  dozen  recipes  for 
preparing  carmine;  the  number  of  formula?  will  convince  the  most  super- 
ficial reader  that  the  true  form  is  yet  withheld. 
Analysis  has  taught  us  its  exact  composition,  but  a  certain  dexterity  of 
manipulation  and  proper  temperature  is  also  important  to  know. 
Most  of  the  recipes  given  by  Dr.  Ure,  and  others,  are  from  this  source, 
but  as  they  possess  no  practical  value  we  refrain  from  reprinting  them. 
Toilet  Rouges 
Are  prepared,  of  different  shades,  by  mixing  fine  carmine  with  talc  powder, 
in  different  proportions — say  one  drachm  of  carmine  to  two  ounces  of  talc, 
or  one  carmine  to  three  of  talc,  and  so  on;  these  rouges  are  sold  in  powder, 
and  also  in  cake  or  china  pots,  for  the  latter  the  rouge  is  mixed  with  a 
minute  portion  of  solution  of  gum  tragacanth.  M.  Titard  prepares  a  great 
variety  of  rouges:  in  some  instances  the  coloring  matter  of  the  cochineal 
is  spread  upon  thick  paper  and  dried  very  gradually,  it  then  assumes  a 
beautiful  green  tint;  this  curious  optical  effect  is  also  observed  in  "pink, 
saucers."  What  is  known  as  Chinese  book  rouge,  is  evidently  made  in  the 
same  way,  and  has  been  imported  into  this  country  for  many  years. 
When  the  bronze  green  cards  are  moistened  with  a  piece  of  damp  cotton 
wool,  and  applied  to  the  lips  or  cheeks,  the  color  assumes  a  beautiful  rosy 
hue.  Common  sorts  of  rouge,  called  "theatre  rouge,"  is  made  from  the 
Brazil  wood  lake;  another  kind  is  derived  from  the  safiiower  (Carthamus 
tinciorius) ;  from  this  plant  also  is  made 
Pink  Saucers. 
The  saffiowcr  is  washed  in  water  until  the  yellow  coloring  matter  is 
removed;  the  carthamine  is  then  dissolved  out  by  a  weak  solution  of  car- 
bonate of  soda;  the  coloring  is  then  precipitated  into  the  saucers  by  the 
addition  of  sulphuric  acid  to  the  solution. 
Cotton  wool  and  crape  being  colored  in  the  same  way  is  used  for  the  same 
purpose,  the  former  being  sold  as  Spanish  wool,  the  latter  as  crepon  rouge. — 
Annals  of  Pharmacy.  [Concluded. 
18 
