26  Gleanings  from  the  German  Journals.  { Am j^%™arm- 
loids  are  present  in  equal  amounts)  the  product  will  represent  total 
alkaloids  present  in  2  grams  extract ;  multiplying  this  by  fifty  will 
give  the  percentage. 
Extract  of  ■  Belladonna,  Aconite,  Hyoscyamus,  etc. — 2-5  grams 
extract  are  dissolved  in  3  cc.  alcohol  and  6  cc.  water  ;  the  solution  is 
rendered  alkaline  by  addition  of  1  cc.  water  of  ammonia  and  then 
agitated  with  three  portions  of  chloroform,  20  cc,  10  cc  and  10  cc; 
after  distilling  off  the  chloroform,  the  residue  is  warmed  upon  a 
water-bath  for  a  few  minutes  with  5  cc  -f^  hydrochloric  acid,  filtered, 
the  filter  washed  with  water,  and  the  filtrate  titrated  with  alkali 
(cochineal  as  indicator).  By  subtracting  the  number  of  cc  neces- 
sary to  neutralize  from  50  (corresponding  to  the  5  cc  acid)  and 
multiplying  the  remainder  by  the  following  factors,  the  weight  of 
alkaloid  in  2-5  gm.  is  ascertained:  for  atropine  and  hyosciamine, 
600289;  f°r  aconitine,  0  00533. 
Extracts  containing  Chlorophyll. —  5  gm.  extract  are  dissolved  in  50 
cc  dilute  alcohol,  a  slight  excess  of  baryta  water  added,  diluted  to 
150  cc. ;  after  standing  the  supernatant  liquid  is  filtered,  the  excess 
of  baryta  in  the  filtrate  is  precipitated  by  a  current  of  carbon  dioxide  ; 
after  filtering,  75  cc.  (representing  2-5  gm.  extract)  are  evaporated  to 
a  syrupy  consistence  and  dissolved  in  a  mixture  of  6  cc  water,  3  cc 
alcohol  and  I  cc  water  of  ammonia;  the  solution  is  extracted  with 
three  portions  of  chloroform,  etc.,  as  above. 
Dry  extracts  containing  powdered  glycyrrhiza. — 5  gm.  extract  are 
exhausted  with  1 00  cc.  diluted  alcohol;  to  80  cc.  filtrate  a  slight 
excess  of  baryta  water  is  added  and  diluted  to  150  cc. ;  after  clear- 
ing the  supernatant  liquid  is  filtered,  the  excessive  baryta  removed 
from  the  filtrate  with  carbon  dioxide,  again  filtered  and  75  cc 
filtrate  (representing  2-5  gm.  extract)  extracted  with  three  portions 
of  chloroform  etc.,  as  above. 
It  is  claimed  for  these  methods  that  all  the  alkaloid  is  extracted 
by  the  chloroform  in  the  presence  of  alcohol,  and  that  the  emulsi- 
fying is  avoided  by  the  presence  of  the  dilute  alcohol. — Prof.  HL 
Beckurts;  Apoth.  Ztg.,  1891,  537. 
Oil  of  cloves. — The  value  of  this  oil  depending  upon  the  quantity 
of  eugenol  present,  H.  Thorns  proposes  the  following  method  of 
assay  depending  upon  the  formation  of  benzoyl-eugenol  (see  Am. 
Jour.  Pharm.,  1891,  406):  5  gms.  of  the  oil,  20  gms.  solution  of 
