212  Flora  of  Northern  Ohio.  {^iffiS?™1" 
Lin.;  to  Strutton  Pond,  Xyris  flexuosa,  Muhlenberg,  Menyanthes  trifoliata, 
Lin.;  to  Silver  Lake,  Eleocharis  quadrangulata,  R.  Br.,  Juncus  marginatus, 
Rostk.;  to  Chippewa  Lake,  Nelumbo  lutea,  Pers  ;  to  Cottage  Grove  Lake, 
Myosotis  laxa,  Lehm.,  Rhus  copallina,  Lin.,  Equisetum  laevigatum,  Braun, 
Heteranthera  grarniuea,  Vahl ;  to  Crystal  Lake  (north  of  Silver  Lake)  Spiraea 
tomentosa,  Lin.,  Eleocharis  olivacea,  Torr.,  Scirpus  debilis,  Pursh ;  to  Con- 
gress Lake,  Solidago  uliginosa,  Nutt.,  Gerardia  tenuifola,  Vahl.  The  following 
species  he  found  on  the  various  lakes,  viz  :  Vaccinium  corymbosum,  Lin. 
(Geauga  and  Silver  Lake),  Cassandra  calyculata,  Don,  (Strutton  Pond,  Geauga 
and  Crystal  Lakes),  Eriophorum  virginicum,  Lin.  (on  the  same  lakes  and  ponds), 
Sarracenia  purpurea,  Lin.  (Geauga  Lake  and  Strutton  Pond),  Rynchospora 
alba,  Vahl  (Crystal  and  Geauga  Lakes),  Rynchospora  glomerata,  Vahl 
(Crystal  and  Silver  Lakes),  Dulichium  spathaceum,  Pers.  (Silver,  Geauga, 
Congress  and  Chippewa  Lakes),  Vallisneria  spiralis,  Lin.,  Brasenia  peltata, 
Pursh  (Silver  and  Geauga  Lakes),  Hydrocotyle  umbellata,  Lin.  (Twin  and 
Congress  Lakes),  Aster  oblongifolius,  Nutt.  (Geauga  and  Congress  Lakes). 
Besides  these  he  collected  there,  Woodwardia  virginica,  Smith,  Elodes  cam- 
panulata,  Pursh,  Vaccinium macrocarpon,  Ait.,  Pyrus  arbutifolia,  Lin./.,  Rhus 
venenata,  D  C,  Viburnum  cassinoides,  Lin.,  Glyceria  canadensis,  Trin.,  Carex 
Pseudocyperus  var.  americana,  Hochsl.  The  botanist,  before  leaving  the 
lakes,  had  yet  time  enough  to  subject  the  lakes  having  peatbogs  on  their 
border  to  close  observations  ;  he  found  that  long  ago  their  surfaces  of  water 
were  larger  and  that  they  will  gradually  disappear,  being  at  last  entirely  replaced 
by  peatbogs.  There  are  many  bogs  in  this  vicinity  in  place  of  former  lakes,  of 
which  one  only,  a  swamp  west  of  Ravenna,  Portage  County,  may  be  mentioned 
here.  On  its  lower  part  it  is  covered  with  Sphagnum  recurvatum,  Beauv.;  it 
is,  made  almost  impenetrable  by  bushes  of  Cephalanthus  occidentalis,  Lin., 
in  the  shade  of  which  among  the  moss  the  delicate  Carex  trisperma,  Dewey , 
may  be  seen.  The  higher  part,  the  so-called  former  border,  is  now  covered 
with  woods  ;  several  important  species  live  there  ;  for  instance,  the  majestic 
Erasera  carolinensis,  Walt.,  Tephrosia  virginiana,  Pers.,  Lupinus  perennis, 
Lin.,  and  Polygala  sanguinea,  Lin.,  the  latter  on  fields  adjoining  the  woods. 
The  botanist  whose  time  was  until  now  mostly  engaged  by  the  above  expedi- 
tions was  at  last  able  to  devote  his  leisure  hours  to  the  territory  between  the 
lakes  and  Lake  Erie.  Deep  ravines,  the  borders  of  which  are  often  rocky  and 
covered  with  trees  and  shrubs,  pass  through  the  counties  of  this  region. 
Deposits  of  sand  and  also  of  clay,  products  of  the  decomposition  of  sandstone, 
and  slate  rocks  cover  a  great  part  of  the  lower  lands.  By  the  manifoldness  and 
the  variety  of  soil  it  is  but  natural  that,  to  the  botanist,  there  appears  a  flora 
much  different  from  that  observed  by  him  before.  With  pleasure  he  visits  the 
ravines  of  Tinker's  Creek  (near  Bedford),  of  Big  Creek  (near  Brighton),  of  Euclid 
Creek,  of  the  creek  at  Parma,  that  near  Brecksville  (all  in  Cuyahoga  County)  and 
the  Nelson  Ledges  near  Garrets ville,  Portage  County,  as  also  Little  Mountain 
(partly  in  Lake,  partly  in  Geauga  County),  the  highest  elevation  in  Northern 
Ohio,  and  traverses  the  valley  of  the  Cuyahoga  River.  Among  others  he  brought 
home  from  Tinker's  Creek:  Hypericum  Ascyron,  Lin.,  Juniperus  communis 
var.  alpina,  Gaud.,  Taxus  canadensis,  Willd.,  Acer  spicatum,  Lam.;  ft om  Big 
Creek  :  Epigsea  repens,  Lin.,  Asimina  triloba,  Dunal,  Panicum  agrostoides, 
Muhl,  Gentiana  Andrewsii,  Griseb.;  from  the  creek  at  Euclid:  Astragalus 
