Per  cent. 
Per  cent. 
from  True. 
from  False. 
0*819 
0*143 
I*26l 
2-497 
052 
0'53 
1 1 76 
6*05 
none 
none 
79'95 
100  *oo 
100*00 
258  Analysis  of  True  and  Commercial  Pareira.{Am'^r;^Tm 
analyses. — Continued. 
Alkaloid  ~\     Extracted  by 
Tannin,  etc.  v  absolute 
Phlobaphene    J  alcohol. 
Mucilaginous  and  Albuminous  Substances  (ex- 
tracted by  water),  
Substances  extracted  by  Soda  (o'i  per  cent,  solu- 
tion), .  ...  .  .  .  .  .  .  •  •  
Starch,  Lignin,  Cellulose  and  non-extractive  mat- 
We  think  from  these  results  the  conclusion  may  safely  be  drawn 
that  the  root  of  chondodendron  is  much  richer  in  chemical  and 
extractive  principles  than  the  substitute. 
The  root  of  chondodendron  gave  13  67  per  cent,  and  that  of  the 
substitute  973  per  cent,  of  extract.  These  extracts  were  made 
with  boiling  water,  as  directed  in  the  Pharmacopoeia,  and  were 
thoroughly  dried  at  a  temperature  of  I  io°  C.  These  figures  show 
that  the  true  root  affords  a  much  larger  yield  of  extract  than  the 
substitute. 
In  the  meantime,  whilst  these  analyses  were  proceeding,  we 
extracted  the  alkaloid  by  another  method.  The  drugs  were  reduced 
to  the  finest  powder  possible  and  100  grammes  of  each  taken  and 
thoroughly  exhausted  in  the  cold  with  1  per  cent,  solution  of  sulphuric 
acid  ;  then  a  solution  of  sodium  carbonate  was  added  to  the  percolate 
until  a  precipitate  ceased  to  form.  We  noticed  that  in  the  case  of 
chondodendron  the  precipitate  left  off  forming  when  the  solution 
was  exactly  neutral,  whereas  in  the  substitute  it  continued  forming 
long  after  neutrality  was  reached.  This  precipitate  was  thoroughly 
dried,  then  digested  with  successive  portions  of  ether  until  nothing 
else  was  dissolved,  and  the  ethereal  solution  evaporated  and 
weighed.  The  alkaloid  was  thus  obtained  in  a  nearly  pure  state, 
and  was  present  to  the  amount  of  0-840  per  cent,  in  the  true  root, 
and  0-166  per  cent,  in  the  substitute,  thus  nearly  corresponding 
with  the  results  obtained  in  the  previous  analyses.  The  filtrates 
after  the  previous  precipitation  were  evaporated  to  dryness  and  the 
residues  digested  in  ether,  but  practically  nothing  was  dissolved  by 
this  treatment. 
In  purifying  these  alkaloids  it  was  found  that  on  filtering  alco- 
