264  Pharmacetitical  Colleges  and  Associations. {^Ma^if^™' 
How  would  you  distinguish  between  a  root  and  rhizome  by  external  characters 
and  by  structure  ? 
(5)  Define  Levant  wormseed.  Describe  the  drug.  Name  its  active  principle 
and  state  the  behavior  of  this  principle  to  different  solvents,  and  the  effect  of 
light  upon  it.  Give  the  doses  of  Levant  wormseed  and  of  its  principle.  How 
would  you  distinguish  Levant  wormseed  from  American  wormseed  ? 
(6)  Name  one  officinal  herb  of  each  of  the  following  orders  :  Papaveracese  ; 
Violaceae  ;  Gentianese ;  Labiatae  ;  Urticacese.  Also  give  for  each  the  most 
important  principle  or  principles. 
THEORY  AND  PRACTICE  OF  PHARMACY. 
(1)  Define  specific  gravity  and  state  the  weight  in  grammes  of  555  cubic 
centimetres  of  sulphuric  acid  of  the  specific  gravity  of  1  '84. 
(2)  Describe  three  forms  of  pharmaceutical  apparatus  for  producing  heat, 
each  requiring  the  combustion  of  a  different  substance,  one  solid,  one  liquid 
and  one  gaseous.  State  the  uses,  advantages  and  disadvantages  of  each  one 
that  you  describe,  and  illustrate  each  one  if  possible  by  a  sketch. 
(3)  Define  the  process  of  solution.  What  is  meant  by  circulatory  solution  ? 
Define  the  term  solvent.  Name  five  solvents  used  in  pharmacy  in  the  order  of 
their  importance,  stating  what  class  of  substances  each  solvent  is  used  for. 
(4)  Define  eolation  and  filtration,  elutriation,  levigation  and  pulverization 
by  intervention. 
(5)  In  what  respect  do  oleoresins  differ  from  fluid  extracts  ?  Give  the  general 
official  formulas  for  making  infusions,  decoctions  and  fluid  extracts. 
(6)  Name  three  official  liquid  preparations  each  made  by  passing  a  gas  into 
water.  Give  in  each  case  the  official  process  and  describe  the  apparatus  used 
in  making  the  preparation. 
CHEMISTRY. 
(1)  What  is  meant  by  the  latent  heat  of  fusion?  Give  an  example  of  this. 
How  is  this  principle  illustrated  in  freezing  mixtures  ?  Give  an  example  of  a 
freezing  mixture.  What  is  meant  by  the  latent  heat  of  vaporization  ?  Give  an 
application  of  this  principle. 
(2)  What  is  frictional  electricity  ?  What  is  voltaic  electricity  ?  State  points 
of  difference  between  the  two.  Mention  some  of  the  common  forms  of  voltaic 
batteries.  State  which  are  to  be  preferred  and  give  your  reasons  for  this 
choice. 
(3)  Describe  the  element  Iodine.  From  what  source  is  it  obtained  ?  What 
are  its  compounds  with  the  metals  called  ?  Write  the  chemical  formulas  for 
three  such  compounds.  Point  out  the  chief  physical  and  chemical  differences 
between  the  several  elements  of  the  halogen  group. 
(4)  *Write  the  chemical  formulas  for  :  Hydrogen  Oxide,  Potassium  Chloride, 
Sodium  Sulphide,  Magnesium  Chloride,  Zinc  Oxide. 
Give  the  chemical  names  for  :  MgBr2,  C120,  Fe2Cl6,  Mn02,  FeCl2. 
(5)  Write  in  chemical  symbols  the  formulas  for  :  Ammonium  Nitrate,  Basic 
Calcium  Nitrate,  Neutral  Sodium  Carbonate,  Potassium  Chlorate,  Acid  Potas- 
sium Sulphate,  Sodium  Thiosulphate. 
Write  the  proper  chemical  names  for  :  H2S207,  NaCIO,  Mg2P207,  NaHS03, 
Na2B407,  KN02. 
