Am'jt0n^iF92arm"}  Gleanings  from  the  German  Journals.  305 
Gallic  Acid. — A  trace  of  this  substance  was  found  in  the  January 
sample ;  that  collected  in  June,  showed  no  evidence  of  it. 
GLEANINGS  FROM  THE  GERMAN  JOURNALS. 
By  Frank  X.  Moerk,  Ph.G. 
The  so-called  mer euro -ammonium  salts  obtained  as  black  insoluble 
powders  upon  the  addition  of  water  of  ammonia  to  mercurous  salts 
are  not  mercuro  ammonium  salts,  but  mixtures  of  metallic  mercury 
and  mercuri- ammonium  salts ;  the  action  of  ammonia  upon  calomel 
is  represented  by  the  following  equation:  2Hg2Cl2  -f-  4NH3  = 
NHg2Cl,  NH4C1  +  Hg2  +  2NH4CI;  one-half  of  the  mercury 
present  in  the  mercurous  salt  being  separated  as  metallic  mercury. 
These  results  were  discovered  by  treating  the  black  precipitates 
with  concentrated  solutions  of  ammonium  sulphate  or  nitrate  con- 
taining some  free  ammonia  which  dissolved  the  mercuric  salt, 
leaving  undissolved  the  metallic  mercury. — L.  Pesci  (Gazz.  chim.) 
Chem.  Ztg.  Rpt,  1892,  142. 
Oxygenated  constituents  of  several  volatile  oils. — Oil  of  Bergamot  by 
ultimate  analysis  yielded  78-53  per  cent,  carbon  and  11-17  Per  cent, 
hydrogen;  distilled  under  a  pressure  of  15  mm.  decomposition  is 
avoided  and  there  remains  as  a  residue  about  5  per  cent,  bergaptene; 
the  first  fraction  co-650,  about  40  per  cent,  has  a  lemon  odor  and 
consists  of  almost  pure  limonene,  CluH16 ;  at  77-820  the  fraction 
consists  principally  of  dipentene}  C10H16,  about  10  per  cent.;  the 
third  fraction  of  about  25  percent,  distilling  between  87-91 0  has  an 
odor  resembling  that  of  the  oil  (but  to  which  the  characteristic  odor 
is  not  due)  and  consists  of  an  unsaturated  alcohol,  linalool,  C10H18O ; 
the  fraction  99-105 °,  approximated  20  per  cent.,  had  the  pronounced 
bergamot  odor,  and  was  found  to  consist  of  linalool  acetate  C10H17 
o.c2h3o. 
Oil  of  Petitgrain. — The  examined  oil  was  partly  of  French, 
partly  of  South  American  origin ;  it  yielded  by  combustion  76-47 
per  cent,  carbon  and  11-14  per  cent,  hydrogen;  the  chief  con- 
stituent (about  70  per  cent.)  boils  at  102-1060  under  a  pressure  of 
15  mm.,  has  an  agreeable,  peculiar  odor,  has  the  composition 
C10H17O.C2H3O,  and  is  called  aurantiol  acetate.  From  this  ester 
was  prepared  by  saponification,  aurantiol  C10H18O;  it  is  an  unsatu- 
rated alcohol,  has  a  peculiar  odor,  combines  with  four  atoms  of 
