410  Constituents  of  Angostura  Bark.     {Am  I^w?™- 
Citric  acid  may  crystallize  with  or  without  water  of  crystalliza- 
tion;  the  anhydrous  acid  will  crystallize  again  from  cold  aqueous 
solutions  in  the  anhydrous  form.  By  heating  aqueous  solutions  of  the 
hydrated  acid  to  1300  C,  the  anhydrous  acid  is  obtained;  this  melts 
at  1S3°  C.  If  a  crystal  of  the  hydrated  acid  be  placed  in  a  cold 
saturated  solution  of  the  anhydrous  acid,  there  will  crystallize  from 
the  solution  the  hydrated  acid,  the  reverse  of  this,  however,  has 
never  been  accomplished.  It  has  been  found  that  corresponding  to 
the  two  modifications  of  the  acid  there  can  be  prepared  the  corres- 
ponding lead  salts.  An  error  which  has  been  introduced  in  many 
text  books  [U.  S.  P.  also  contains  it — F.  X.  M.]  gives  the  melting 
point  of  the  hydrated  acid  at  iOO°  C;  at  70-750  C.  the  hydrated 
citric  acid  sinters  together,  due  to  loss  of  water  of  crystallization  ; 
further  heating  produces  little  change  until  a  temperature  of  1 3 5— 
152  per  cent,  is  attained,  when  it  melts;  the  wide  range  135-152°  C. 
depends  upon  the  rapidity  of  heating. — H.  Witter,  (Berichte)  Pharm . 
Centralhalle,  1892,  353. 
Ash  of  kamala. — In  a  sample  recently  received  from  J.  H.  Maiden 
which  was  collected  in  the  northeastern  portion  of  New  South 
Wales,  Professor  Fliickiger  found  only  3  35  percent,  ash.  Climatic 
conditions  apparently  do  not  cause  an  increase  in  the  amount  of  ash> 
as  samples  from  northwestern  India,  central  India,  Java  and  New 
South  Wales  contained  about  three  per  cent,  or  less. — ArcJiiv  der 
Pharm.,  1892,  249. 
CONSTITUENTS  OF  ANGOSTURA  BARK.1 
By  H.  Beckurts  and  P.  Nehring. 
The  bark  of  the  Columbian  rutacea,  Cusparia  trifoliata,  Kngler 
{Galipea  officinalis,  Hancock),  has  been  examined  by  the  authors. 
30  kilos  of  the  coarsely-powdered  bark  was  extracted  with  75 
kilos  of  ether  ;  most  of  the  ether  was  then  distilled  off,  and  the 
brown  residue  extracted  with  dilute  sulphuric  acid.  Wax  and 
essential  oils  were  thus  separated  from  the  alkaloids,  and,  in  addition 
a  greenish-yellow,  crystalline  substance  was  precipitated ;  it  is  the 
salt  of  a  base  or  bases,  but  it  could  not  be  obtained  pure. 
From  the  acid  solution,  four  alkaloids,  cusparine,  cusparidine, 
galipine  and  galipidine  were  separated.    The  separation  of  these 
1  Arch,  Pharm.,  229,  591-617;  Jour.  Chem.  Soc,  1892,  642. 
