Am,octuy-i6?2arm-}  Plants  Yielding  Tanning  Materials.  527 
affected  by  moisture  when  gathered,  which  cannot  be  said  of  oak 
bark. — Ericaceae. 
Alcornoque  (Bowdichia  virgilioides  Humboldt),  is  South  American ; 
the  root,  wood,  bark  and  leaves  contained  tannin. — Leguminosae. 
Acacia. — Various  species  of  "acacia  yield  the  fruit  or  pods  known 
as  balibabalah,  cassia  grains  ("  grain  de  cassier,")  bablah,  neb-neb 
and  Indian  pods  ("  gousses  de  lTnde").  Bablahs  were  first 
imported  into  Europe  in  1 830  as  a  mordant  ;  the  percentage  ot 
tannin  in  them  is  from  25-32,  according  to  species.  The  exporting 
countries  are  India,  Egypt,  Nubia,  Syria,  Arabia,  Senegal  and 
Mauritius.  Acacia  extract  contains  a  strong  free  acid,  a  tannin 
analogous  to  that  of  nut  galls  and  a  large  quantity  of  a  calcium 
salt. — Leguminosae . 
Andromeda — Several  species  grow  in  Lapland  and  Nort'i 
America,  where  they  are  known  as  "  sour-tree."  The  wood  con- 
tains 4-8  per  cent,  and  the  leaves  10  per  cent,  of  tannin. — 
Ericaceae. 
Birch  contains  a  tannin  in  wood,  bark  and  leaves  which  colors 
iron  salts  green.  Davy  gives  1-675  Per  cent,  as  the  tannin  contents  ; 
Villon,  3  per  cent. ;  Fraas,  5-32  per  cent. — Betulaceae. 
Bennet  (Genm  urbanum,  Linn.)  is  wild  in  Central  and  Southern 
Europe;  its  roots,  leaves  and  flowers  are  astringent,  and  according 
to  TromsdorfT  contain  42  per  cent,  of  tannin  free  from  gallic  acid; 
others,  however,  give  4  per  cent,  in  the  whole  plant. — Rosaceae. 
Bistort  (Polygonum  Bistortd)  contains  in  its  roots,  stem,  flowers 
and  leaves"  bistortannic  acid"  and  a  yellow  coloring  matter  assimi- 
lable by  hides ;  it  haunts  the  marshy  land  of  Southern  France. — 
Polygonaceae. 
"Behen  rouge"  [Statice  latifolia,  Smith)  grows  in  Persia,  the 
Caucasus,  etc.  Its  roots  are  used  in  Southern  Russia  as  tan  for 
skins,  to  which  it  imparts  a  dull,  ochreous,  red  color. — Plumbagi- 
naceae. 
uBois  doux"  (Inga  vera>  etc.)  is  a  tree  of  Mexico,  Guadeloupe  and 
the  Indies,  where  it  is  known  as  cooroocoopully ;  its  wood  and 
bark  are  tanniferous. — Leguminosae. 
Bauhinia  (Bauhinia  variegata)  grows  in  the  Antilles  and  Central 
America  ;  its  wood  and  bark  contain  tannin. — Leguminosae. 
Bearberry  {Arbutus  Uva-ursi,  Linn.)  grows  in  France,  Italy,  Spain 
and  Russia,  and  contains  14  per  cent,  of  tannin  in  its  leaves,  accord- 
