•  530  Plants  Yielding  Tanning  Materials.     { Am\S*i3arm- 
Kino  is  the  dried  exudation  or  extract  of  several  plants,  of  which 
-  the  principal  are  :  Dipterocarpus  erinaceus  (Africa),  Bute  a  frondosa 
and  B.  superba  (N.  India),  Pterocarpus  Marsupiurn  (India),  Coccoloba 
uvifera  (Jamaica),  and  Rhizophora  Mangle  or  mangrove  (Mexico), 
whose  leaves  contain  18-20  per  cent,  of  tannin;  the  first  four  are 
of  the  Leguminosae.  Kino  contains  45-55  per  cent,  of  "  coccotannic 
acid." 
Mastic  {Pistacia  Lentiscus,  Linn.). — The  leaves  and  bark  contain 
10-12  per  cent,  of  tannin  ;  used  for  tanning  buffalo  skins  in  certain 
countries.  — Terebinthaceae. 
Mimosa. — The  mimosece  include  a  great  many  varieties  of  acacia  ; 
the  most  valuable  bark  is  from  Tasmania  ;  the  Australian  produce 
contains  25  per  cent.  (A.  cyanophylld) — 45  per  cent.  (A.  pycnantka) 
of  tannin  ;  A.  sentis  (6-32  per  cent.)  and  A.  binervata  (30-40  per 
cent.)  are  from  New  South  Wales. 
Myrobalans,  the  fruits  of  several  species  of  Tenninalia  (Combre- 
tacese  ;)  their  contents  of  tannin  are  variously  given,  1 8-2  per  cent, 
and  52  per  cent,  being  the  extremes  ;  Loewe  asserts  the  invariable 
presence  of  ellagic  acid  (CHH10O10). 
Galls  are  classified  as  European  and  Asiatic,  of  the  latter  there 
are  Levant  galls  and  Aleppo  galls.  The  Levant  galls  contain  77-42 
per  cent,  of  gallotannic  acid  (Muller) ;  the  Aleppo  galls  contain 
60-66  per  cent.  (Fehling).    Villon  gives  the  following  for  Aleppo 
-  and  Levant  galls:  Black,  37-41  per  cent.;  green,  53-60  percent.; 
white,  50-65  per  cent.  For  Smyrna  galls  he  gives  :  Black,  33-37 
per  cent.;  green,  53-60  per  cent.;  white,  60-63  per  cent.  Renard 
gives  33-60  per  cent,  as  a  mean  of  all  three  kinds.  Mierzinsky 
gives  60-66  per  cent,  as  a  mean.  Of  European  galls,  those  of 
Morea  and  Istria  are  the  best,  and  have  some  40  per  cent,  of  gallo- 
tannic acid  ;  Italian  and  Hungarian  galls  follow,  and  those  of  Ger- 
many and  France  are  least  important.  French  galls  contain  9- 10 
per  cent,  of  tannin  ;  German  galls,  according  to  Villon,  contain 
18-19  Per  cent,  of  soluble  and  13-14  per  cent,  of  insoluble  tannin. 
Chinese  and  Japanese  galls  are  from  plants  belonging  to  the  terebin- 
thaceae, viz  :  Rhus  semialata  in  China  and  Distilium  racemosum  in 
Japan ;  69  per  cent,  is  the  mean  of  the  many  versions  which  have 
been  given  of  the  tannin  in  Chinese  galls.  Hungarian  galls  or 
"  knoppern  "  are  from  oaks,  and  contain  20  to  35  per  cent,  of  tannin. 
Bassorah  galls  are  from  an  oak  and  contain  57  per  cent,  of  gallo- 
