^a^uaf™*}  Extract  of  Beef  and  Pepsin.  561 
-addition  of  a  very  small  quantity  of  peptone  resulted  in  producing 
a  distinctly  pale  red  line. 
The  most  minute  quantities  of  phenol  and  creasote  gave  a  dark 
red  at  once,  and  a  single  drop  of  a  one  per  cent,  phenol  solution 
gave  a  reaction  identical  with  that  obtained  from  typhoid  urine. 
Sulphocarbolates  of  sodium  and  zinc  gave  a  pale  eosine  red  line, 
gradually  darkening. 
Beta-naphthol  gave  a  brilliant  magenta  color  and  resorcin  a  dark 
red  brown  at  once.  Thymol  and  eugenol  likewise  produced  the  red 
line.  Gallic  acid  and  pyrogallol  produce  a  dark  red,  the  entire 
layer  of  ammonia  quickly  assuming  the  same  color.  With  tannic 
acid  the  reaction  is  peculiar.  The  mixed  test  solutions  assuming  an 
orange  coloration  and  the  ammonia  becoming  red,  a  green-colored 
line  sharply  marking  the  separation. 
From  the  above,  I  am  compelled  to  question  the  claims  that  have 
been  put  forth  for  the  value  of  this  test. 
While  the  absence  of  the  reaction  may  indicate  the  absence  of 
typhoid,  the  presence  of  the  reaction  would  not  warrant  the  diag- 
nosis of  typhoid  unless  supported  by  other  evidence,  as  many  of  the 
products  producing  the  reaction,  notably  phenol  and  peptone,  may 
be  present  in  the  urine  from  other  causes. 
EXTRACT  OF  BEEF  AND  PEPSIN. 
By  James  T.  Shinn. 
Passing  through  Chicago  last  summer  an  opportunity  was 
afforded  for  visiting  the  great  packing  establishment  of  Armour  & 
Co.,  which  is  located  among  the  famous  stock  yards  of  this  metrop- 
olis of  the  West. 
These  stock  yards  by  the  way  are  worthy  of  a  moment's  notice. 
You  take  a  train  in  the  middle  of  the  city  and  in  half  an  hour  arrive 
at  the  arched  gateway  inscribed  :  "  Union  Stock  Yard,  Chartered, 
1865."  Inside  there  are  400  acres  of  ground  laid  out  with  20  miles 
of  streets  and  water  troughs,  200  acres  of  yards,  75  miles  of  drain 
and  water  pipes,  and  50  miles  of  feeding  troughs.  There  is  capac- 
ity for  the  daily  caring  of  160,000  animals,  cattle,  sheep  and  hogs, 
and  it  is  interesting  to  see  the  long  rows  of  horses,  with  cowboy 
saddles  on,  tied  along  the  sides  of  the  streets  ready  to  carry  buyers 
and  sellers  to  the  different  pens.  About  $5,000,000  are  invested  in 
±he  plant,  and  it  requires  1,000  employes  to  handle  the  animals, 
