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BRITISH ANP UNITED STATES PHARMACOPOEIAS. 
teemed by the British practitioners in Bengal. It has the 
general properties of the gentians, being a pure bitter, and, 
medicinally, a tonic and stomachic. The trials made with it 
in Edinburgh are stated to have confirmed the favorable ac- 
counts received of its efficacy. The herb and root are the 
officinal parts. The infusion is made with four drachms of 
the medicine to twenty fiuidounces of boiling water. Dose, 
from one to three fiuidounces, taken half an hour before meals. 
Copaibae .oleum. Oil of Copaiva. This is best obtained 
by distilling copaiva with water. It is usually colourless, 
and has the pure odour of copaiva. Its density is .910. In 
composition it is a carbo-hydrogen, identical with pure oil of 
turpentine. The dose is from five to thirty drops. Its ad- 
vantages over copaiva are its less ofFensiveness to the stomach, 
and its smaller dose.. 
Extractum sive Resina scammonii. Mistura scam- 
monii. Extract or Resin of Scammony. Scammony 
Mixture. The scammony of commerce is very impure. 
This was proved by analyses made by Dr. Christison in 1835. 
It is no doubt to avoid the impurities that the Ed. College 
have introduced a process for obtaining the pure resin. It 
consists in boiling finely powdered scammony in successive 
portions of proof spirit, as long as it dissolves anything; then 
distilling the liquid until little else but water passes over; 
next decanting the watery solution, which contains gum, from 
the resin which has precipitated, and finally washing this with 
boiling water, and drying it at a temperature not exceeding 
240°. The resin, when thus prepared, is nearly free from 
taste and smell. Its dose is from seven to fourteen grains. 
The scammony mixture is made with seven grains of this 
resin, triturated with three fiuidounces of unskimmed milk. 
The resulting emulsion is uniform, and not distinguishable 
from milk by its colour, taste, or smell. 
Ferri carbonas saccharatum. Saccharine Carbonate 
of Iron. This is the carbonate of the protoxide of iron, pro- 
tected from oxidation by saccharine matter, on the principle 
of Klauer and Vallet. The carbonate is obtained in the usual 
