of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 155 
collected at the six selected stations during the seven years, those that are 
higher in the scale of classification are referred to first, and afterwards 
those that are lower. . 
It may also be as well to state that there has been a considerable 
advance in the knowledge of marine zoology since the Garland com- 
menced work in the Firth of Forth twelve years ago,* and one of the 
results of this advance has been the introduction of many changes in the 
nomenclature of marine organisms. Owing to these changes several of 
the names mentioned in the Garland’s tow-net lists are replaced by those 
that are now considered to be the rightful designations of the species to 
which they refer; and one advantage of this alteration will be that the 
results of the tow-net work of the Garland will be brought more into line 
with present-day knowledge. 
INVERTEBRATES CAPTURED BY THE TOW-NETS. 
The invertebrates captured by means of the surface and bottom tow- 
nets during the seven years from 1889 to 1895, at the representative 
stations already referred to, comprised a large number of forms of differ- 
ent kinds, but many of these were only of rare occurrence. The greater 
proportion by far of the contents of all the tow-net gatherings consisted 
of only a few species, which may be summed up as follows :—Schizopoda 
(Thysanoessa chiefly, Lrythrops) ; Amphipoda (Hyperia, Hyperoche, and 
Parathemisto) ; Copepoda (Calanus, Temora, Acartia) ; Sagitta ; Ccelen- 
terata (Pleurobrachia, Beroé, and others); and young Crustacea (Deca- 
poda, Schizopoda, and Cirrepedia). Before proceeding to discuss the 
distribution of these six groups, as brought out by an examination of the 
tow-net records, I propose to refer briefly to several of the more uncommon 
forms which have been captured from time to time at the selected stations 
and during the years already specified. 
(1.) Tae Moxivsca, 
There are very few records of Mollusca which have been captured by 
the tow-nets, and only two really pelagic forms have occurred. The 
Mollusca recorded comprise two small Zolis, the species of which was not 
determined. One was obtained in the bottom tow-net at Station V. in 
1891, and the other at Station I. in May 1895; also Doris (?) repanda, 
which was obtained in the bottom net in November 1890 at Station III., 
and Doto coronata, obtained in December 1890 at Station IV., also in the 
bottom net. A few species of Cuspidaria cuspidata are recorded under 
Station [X., having been brought up in the bottom tow-net at that station 
in April 1893, but the presence of this species was owing, no doubt, to 
the net having accidentally dipped into the mud at the bottom. The two 
pelagic species are the Pteropods Limacina retroversa and Clione borealis. 
The first is recorded on two different occasions in 1890, having been ob- 
tained in April in the bottom tow-net at Station V., and in May in a 
surface-net gathering at Station I. It was also obtained in the bottom 
tow-net at Station III. in July 1891, and in the bottom tow-net at 
Station IX. in December 1892. The other (Clione borealis) was captured 
* It is pleasing to know that the little steamer belonging to the Fishery Board for Scot- 
land has had some share in promoting this advance, though perhaps the time has not yet 
come for the full appreciation of the Garland’s work. 
