156 Part L[1.—Siateenth Annual Report 
in the surface tow-net at Station III. in January 1889, in the bottom 
tow-net at Station V. in November 1893, and in the surface net at Station 
VIII. in December of the same year. Limacina retroversa is a very 
generally distributed species, but seems to be more common on the West 
than it is on the East Coast. On the West Coast it sometimes occurs in 
immense shoals, and at times forms a considerable part of the food of the 
herring. I have found the stomachs of herrings sent to me from the 
West Coast for examination filled with little else than these Pteropods, 
numbers of which appear to have been swallowed wholesale, as some of 
the shells were practically uninjured. Clone, which has no shell, is a 
northern species, and is a rare visitant to the Firth of Forth. All the 
three recorded instances of its occurrence happened during the winter 
months. This was probably owing to the temperature of the water at 
that season being more favourable to its wandering habits, or the speci- 
mens may have been carried south by currents coming down from the 
North Atlantic. Another point connected with the capture of the Clione 
is, that on the two occasions in which it occurred in the surface tow-net 
the surface of the sea was smooth or but slightly disturbed, but on the 
occasion when it was found in the bottom tow-net the weather was 
stormy and the sea rough. 
(2.) THe CRUSTACEA, 
(a) Decapopa. 
The Decapoda captured by the tow-nets comprised the following 
species :— 
Macropodia rostrata (Linn.), 
Crangon allmanni, Kinahan, Hippolyte jascigera, Gosse, 
Ligeon fasciatus, Risso, Spirontocaris pusiola (Kroyer), 
Cheraphilus nanus (Kroyer), Pandalus montagui, Leach, 
Hippolyte varians, Leach, Pandalus brevirostris, Rathke, 
all of which, with the exception of the first, belong to the Carida. They 
were all captured in the bottom net at various times and at one or more 
of all the selected stations. 
Macropodia is only recorded twice during the seven years—once in 
October 1890, from Station IV., and again from the same station in 
August 1891. 
Crangon allmanni occurred more frequently than any of the Decapods 
mentioned, and there are records of its capture with the bottom tow-nets 
in all but one of the seven years, 1889 being the only year in which no 
distinct record of the species occurs. In 1890 it is recorded twice, once 
in February and once in November, both records being for Station V. 
It is also recorded twice in 1891, once in March for Station V. and in 
September for Station III]. There are seven records for 1892—viz,, in 
January, March, and November for Station I., in February for Station 
IIl., in February for Station IV., and in January and February for 
Station V. There is only one record for 1893—viz., one for Station V. in 
