of the Fishery Board for Scotland. 268 
herrings sent from Stornaway, which is a West Coast station (see notes 
under Stornoway). It is an interesting question why the Hyperiide 
should so frequently occur in the stomachs of East Coast herrings and so 
sparingly in those from the West Coast. 
3rd— The Copepoda. The most important of the Copepod species as 
herring food is undoubtedly Calanus. It will be observed that the 
name given in my list to this form is Calanus helgolandicus, Claus, but 
after all it may only be a smaller form of Calanus jinmarchicus, Gunner, 
for, with the exception of size, the differences between them is not very 
marked, and a familiarity with the two forms is necessary to enable one 
to separate them—but this is a question that need not be discussed 
here. 
Calanus is usually observed in greater quantity in stomachs of West 
Coast herrings, and especially of those from the Clyde and Loch Fyne, 
than in those from East Coast fishes, and it is noteworthy that the species, 
though common enough in the Firth of Forth, appears to form a very 
small portion of the food of herrings captured in that estuary. In Brook 
and Calderwood’s paper Copepoda are recorded on only two occasions 
from herrings sent from the Firth of Forth, and they were not observed 
at all in the stomachs of the herrings sent from Anstruther and 
examined for this paper. Calanus has been obtained.in the stomachs of 
Loch Fyne and Clyde herrings, frequently in considerable quantity, 
from April till November, in those from Stornoway in May and 
June, and in those from Shetland in April. Other species of Copepoda 
are sometimes observed in the stomachs of herrings, i.e. Centropages 
hamatus and typicus, Temora longicornis, Metridia lucens, Pseudocalanus 
elongatus, Acartia sp. and Oithona similis, but seldom in any quantity, 
and are only of interest as bearing on the extensive bill of fare from 
which the herring may select its food. 
4th—Schizopoda. All the Schizopoda found in the stomachs of 
herrings caught off the Scottish coasts are, with few exceptions, members 
of the family Euphausiide, and belong to one or other of the three 
genera Vyctiphanes, Rhoda (better known perhaps as Boreophausia) and 
Thysanoessa. On the other hand, Schizopoda belonging to the family 
Myside such as Schistomysis spiritus, Norman, and Macromysis 
flecuosa (O. F. Miiller), which at times are met’ with in swarms, and 
other species of less frequent occurrence as Leptomysis gracilis, 
Gastrosaccus spinifer, but which are also widely diffused in our coastal 
waters, are rarely observed amongst the food of herrings. The only 
Schizopod mentioned by Brook and Calderwood, other than species 
belonging to the Euphausiide, is a Sirdella, and it is recorded from 
the stomach of a herring from Tarbert, Lower Loch Fyne. One notable 
characteristic of the Kuphausiide is that they all possess phosphorescent 
organs, which appear to be entirely wanting in the Myside. This 
_ power of becoming luminous which the Euphausiide possess may explain 
to some extent why they receive so much attention from the fish, while 
the others are as seldom found in their stomachs. 
The Euphausitidae may be considered as equal to or even of greater 
importance than the Calanoida as a food supply for herring both on the 
East and West Coasts. Moreover, they have been observed in the 
stomachs of herrings more or less all through the year from January to 
December, though they appear to be more commonly met with during 
the earlier and later months of the year. 
The Schizopod most in evidence, and most frequently recorded as 
herring food, is Vyctiphanes norvegica (M. Sars), while 7hysanoessa and 
Rhoda are only occasionally mentioned; these two forms may, however, 
