THE AUSTRALIAN NATURALIST. 81 
galls upon the roots of small shrubs. In a paper in the 
“Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales,” 
1892, I described those formed by three species of Hthon. Of 
these, 17. corpulentum and EH. marmorewm form rounded, soft- 
shelled galls like small marbles, often in clusters of a dozen or 
more on the roots of Dillwynia ertcifolia, whilst E. affine pro- 
duces rounded swellings upon stems of Pultenzea stipularis. A. 
fourth Buprestid (Paracephala eyaneipennis) forms galls 
similar to the last on stems of Casuarina distyla. Numbers of 
these may be seen upon trees growing at the back of Watson’s 
Bay. These galls are woody, hollow, and more or less 
rounded. 
Leeipoprsra.—I only know of one lepidopterous gall, and 
that is due to some moth, which latter is at present undeter- 
mined. It infests the terminal branchlets of Hucalyptus 
pipersta. This gall is elongate-oval, and within it the larva 
feeds and pupates. 
Diprera.—Species of the family Cecidomyidw are known 
properly as “Gall Gnats,’ although many of them 
do not construct galls. Of those that do, that formed by 
Cecidomyia acacie-longifolia is one of the most’ remarkable. 
The female, when depositing ova, punctures either flower buds 
or seed embryos, and the resulting larve aborts each seed-pod 
into a slender, irregular, curved, cylindrical tube. As they 
erow, these distorted seed-pods coalesce, and form a rounded 
base, the latter being attached to the twig by a regular stalk. 
Sometimes every seed-pod upon the tree is so aborted. 
Other similar galls occur upon other wattles. In the West, 
Acacia pendula frequently has its seed-pods produced into a 
regular rounded form. C. frawenfeldiz attacks leaf-buds of 
Leptospermum. These latter are generally distorted into a 
rounded mass of bracts, all fitting loosely over each other like 
the petals of a rose-bud, In these galls, which are common in 
the vicinity of Manly and Botany, the larvee will be found, if 
sought for, lurking at the centre near the base. Several 
species of Diptera form gouty swellings on twigs, and one fine 
species, Horomomyta omalanthe, produces red, shot-like galls on 
leaves of some Hucalyptus, and these usually spring from the 
midribs of the foliage affected. Other species, included in the 
families Agromyzide and Trypetinide, also attack several of 
our native trees. 
Hymenoprura.—In point of species, there are more insects 
in this order than any other that are responsible for vegetable 
galls. The latter are also more uniform in their structure 
than is the case of those made by other insects. _Hymenop- 
terous galls are found on buds, flowers, seeds, twigs, and 
foliage. Some wasps are parasitic, and many of these deposit 
their eggs in galls that have been already formed. From 
these ova tiny grubs hatch out, and, being hungry, they set 
