672 
FANCIERS’ JOURNAL AND POULTRY EXCHANGE. 
Back. — Short, flat and wide; saddle, broad, with feathers 
well developed. Color of back and saddle, pure white. 
Wings . — Of medium size; the shoulders of the wings not 
too sharp and prominent, but sufficiently so to make the 
back, when the bird stoops, a little hollow from shoulder to 
shoulder, and give it a handsome proportion ; the points of 
the wings to be well tucked up under the saddle feathers, 
and pressing tightly into the fluff on the thighs; primaries 
black ; secondaries black on inside web ; white on outside 
web ; the wing, when properly folded, to be pure white in 
color. 
Tail. — Color, black ; tail coverts, black ; lesser coverts, 
black, or silvered on the edge; the tail to be carried nearly 
upright, and the two highest feathers turning outward each 
way, and projecting through the curved or sickle feathers. 
Fluff . — Very rich, soft and abundant, giving the bird a 
broad, deep appearance from behind. 
Legs . — Rather short, thick, and wide apart ; of a reddish- 
yellow color ; heavily feathered with white feathers mottled 
with black near the toes. 
Toes . — Straight and strong ; both the outer and middle 
toes being heavily feathered with white feathers mottled with 
black. 
Carriage.— Upright and haughty. 
POINTS OF MERIT. 
Size, 10 
Color, 10 
Smallness, shape, and expression of head, . 5 
Comb, 10 
Fullness of hackle, 5 
Wing — proper size and position of, . . . 10 
Legs and feathering, 10 
Fluff, 5 
Breadth of Saddle, 5 
Rise of “ 5 
Tail, 5 
Symmetry, 10 
Condition and handsome appearance, . . 10 
100 
SPECIAL DEFECTS TO COUNT AGAINST THE BIRD IN PRO- 
PORTION TO THEIR DEGREE : 
Stains of white on deaf-ear, ..... 5 
White legs, 5 
Primaries of wings not tucked in, . . . 5 
White in the tail of a young bird, ... 10 
DISQUALIFICATIONS : 
Round or crooked back, crooked beak, or any bodily de- 
formity ; vulture hocks, knock knees, or any fraudulent 
dressing or trimming. 
THE CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
In view of the coming Centennial Exposition, to be held 
in Philadelphia, it is time the poultry breeders and fanciers 
were taking some decisive steps toward being represented 
in said exposition. If they are to take part at all it is time 
some arrangements were made (or at least making) for space. 
The American Poultry Association should take the matter 
in hand at once, as they are the proper authority to act in 
the matter. Why could not the Executive Committee of 
the A. P. A. have a meeting at Doylestown during the Ex- 
hibition of the Eastern Pennsylvania Poultry Association, 
and discuss this subject ? A large number of leading breeders 
and fanciers have already signified their intention to be pre- 
sent at that exhibition, and it would seem that no better op- 
portunity for a discussion of the subject will be presented at 
an early date, and it is important that some action should be 
taken at the earliest possible opportunity. We would urge 
all interested to consider the subject carefully and come 
together at Doylestown and compare notes by submitting 
plans and making the necessary arrangements for procedure. 
It will not do to say, “ There is plenty of time yet for this,” 
and that “ its discussion may be postponed,” because the time 
will soon pass when space can be obtained. Again, there will 
have to be a good deal of work done in the way of getting 
subscriptions, as it will cost a considerable sum to carry the 
thing to a successful issue. Plans will have to be made for 
the general conduct of the affair, and breeders will require 
at least all the intervening time to prepare themselves to 
exhibit. Let us have a good meeting at Doylestown, and 
discuss the subject in its various bearings. 
Dr. A. M. Dickie. 
(For Fanciers’ Journal.) 
POULTRY SOCIETIES. 
Management of Poultry Societies is the subject of a very 
practical editorial in Nos. 41 & 42 of the Journal. 
The Illinois Poultry Association, through its nineteen 
Vice-Presidents, representing the Congressional districts in 
the State, is earnestly working for the organization of qioultry 
societies in each county in the State having a town of any 
size. 
The difficulties you mention are met as follows : It is a 
well-known fact that the principal cause of failure of nine 
out of every ten poultry societies, is the want of foresight 
on the part of the managers, in amount of premiums they 
advertise and hope to make up from entrance and admission 
fees. 
If such managers are favored with a large attendance for 
the first exhibition, and have sufficient funds to meet all 
their obligations, they are led to believe that their friends 
will contribute more liberally for the second exhibition and 
larger crowds will be in attendance. Acting upon this sup- 
position, such associations endeavor to outdo all other socie- 
ties, and circulate long lists of attractive prizes, far beyond 
their receipts ; the excessive demands upon their best friends 
for funds to pay the obligations of the society cools their 
ardor most effectually, and generally results in the dissolu- 
tion of what promised to be a useful and permanent organi- 
zation. 
To overcome this difficulty the Illinois Poultry Associa- 
tion recommends county societies, for winter exhibitions, to 
advertise a premium for best male and best female, without 
regard to age, on all the varieties of land and water fowls 
mentioned in the standard, not specifying the amount to be 
paid as first, second and third premiums, but agreeing to 
pay the net receipts of the exhibition pro rata to parties 
receiving the blue, red and white ribbons. 
If poultrymen in each State would form a State organiza- 
tion to co-operate with the State Agricultural Board, in 
making large and attractive exhibitions at the State fairs, 
and encourage the formation, and prudently direct the oper- 
ations of county societies in the same course, the failure of 
poultry societies would be a thing only known in history. 
A few advantages to be gained by this course may not be 
out of place in this connection : 
The most prominent stock-breeders make it a point to at- 
tend their respective State fairs each fall, with a view of 
purchasing improved stock for the next season. 
The unexpected demand for fowls upon our breeders at 
