DANGEROUS FUNGOUS DISEASES 
5 
ing. The sulphur gradually goes into solution, and the mixture, 
at first thick and pasty, becomes thinner and thinner, chang- 
ing in eolor through several shades of yellow. After at least 
one hour's eonstant boiling the salt should be added and the 
boiling continued for another half hour. Then dilute with the 
required amount of water, preferably hot water. If a suitable 
boiler is convenient, the mixture may be more economically 
cooked in barrels or tanks by the use of steam. 
Тһе lime, salt and sulphur wash is now generally recom- | 
mended, and in some respects is superiorto the other remedies 
named. 
Other Scale Insects, of which there are several species, 
which are more or less destructive to fruit or other trees. 
Kerosene emulsion, whale-oil soap or kerosene in a mechani- 
eal sprayer will eradicate them. 
[Note.—If yourtrees are infected with any insects or fungous 
diseases, send infected portion to your Experiment Station, 
your State Entomologist or U. S. Entomologist at Washing- 
ton, D. C.] 
JAPANESE PERSIMMONS, WALNUTS 
AND PECANS 
Twig Girdlers (Oncideres cingulatus). All limbs that have 
been girdled and have fallen must be burned at once, thus 
destroying all future broods of sawyers. 
огет (Prionus). These bore through the roots and usually 
destroy the tree; and must be carefully removed. Carefully ex 
amine collar of trees in winter and midsummer, and apply 
lime and sulphur wash. 
Pecan Bud Worm (Proteopteryx Deludana). Spray the 
trees just as the buds are opening, with arsenate of lead, 5 
pounds to 50 gallons of water, and repeat application 10 days 
later. If the wonns appear again in June or July, repeat the 
same treatment. This will also help control the pecan case 
bearer. 
Caterpillar (Catocala maestosa). This insect feeds on the 
leaves of pecans, and is sometimes quite injurious; spray with 
Paris green, 4 ounces, lime 1 pound to 50 gallons of water. 
GRAPE-VINES 
Various insecticides are recommended but 
Phylloxera. 
| must be applied below the ground with the aid of specially 
constructed apparatus. 
Leaf Hopper ( Erythroneura vitis). Passing with a torch be- 
tween the rows in the evening, and shaking the vines to dis- 
turb the insects. 
Leaf Folder (Desmia funeralis). 
London purple as a spray. 
Borer (Prionus). Its presence is manifested by the un- 
healthy appearance of the vine. Search must be made at the 
roots and the grub destroyed. 
Flea Beetle ( Haltica Chalybea). Dust leaves with dry lime. 
Grape Curculio (Cwliodes incequalis). London purple solu- 
tion as а spray, as soon as fruit is set. 
STRAWBERRIES 
Beetle ( Haltica ignita). Dust leaves with dry lime. 
Kerosene emulsion or 
Dangerous Fungous Diseases 
Apple Tree Blight. May be treated similarly as for pears, 
but fewer applications are required. 
Black Rot in Grapes, Spray with copper sulphate solution 
in spring before buds swell. When leaves appear, spray with 
Bordeaux; repeat twice at intervals of 10 to 14 days. Dusting 
with flowers of sulphur as soon as fruit isset, and repeated 
every 10 days until coloring, is advisable for mildew, but if 
Bordeaux mixture is used early it will lessen the appearance 
of the latter. 
Black Knot in Plums. Cut off the affected branches below 
affected parts, and burn, to prevent its spreading. Spray with 
Bordeaux mixture. 
Brown Rot on Peaches, Plums and Nectarines. Spray 
with copper-sulphate, 2 pounds to 50 gallons of water, before 
the buds swell, and before the buds open, Bordeaux mixture 
(46-50). When fruit is well set, Bordeaux (3-9-50). Repeat this 
spraying at intervals of 10 to 14 days. Spraying may be con- 
tinued until fruit begins to ripen. Dusting with flowers of 
sulphur is advisable if Bordeaux mixture is not used, but the 
sulphur should be applied every 10 to 14 days. All mummified 
fruit and limbs showing brown rot must be removed and 
burned. 
Rust on Raspberries and Blackberries. Spray with cop- 
per-sulphate solution before buds break. Use Bordeaux mix- 
ture if rust appears in spring or summer. 
Peach and Plum Rosette. Root up and burn the affected 
trees as soon as the disease is observed. 
Peach Leaf Curl (Exoascus deformans). Spray with Bor- 
deaux (4-6-50) at least one month before the fruit buds open: 
only one application is necessary to prevent this disease. If 
spraying has not been done and the disease appears, contin- 
uous cultivation and the application of nitrogenous manures 
will throw off the diseased leaves and save the fruit crop. In 
case of San José scale in the same orchard the lime, salt and 
sulphur wash may be used effectively against both scale and 
leaf curl at one spraying. 
Pear Blight. The following preventive measures are rec- 
ommended: As buds areswelling, spray with copper solution; 
as blossoms fall, Bordeaux mixture (3-9-50) and arsenites; 8 to 
12 days later repeat application, and use Bordeaux mixture 10 
to 14 days later, and again 10 to 14 days later, if necessary. If 
blight has occurred, cut off and burn all affected limbs to pre- 
vent spreading. During winter, carefully remove all blighted 
twigs, and pay particular attention to removing all blight 
occurring in main limbs or branches. Send for bulletin on 
"Control of Pear Blight,” which сап be secured from the 
Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington, D. С., or from the 
State Board of Entomology, Atlanta, Ga. Disinfect the prun- 
ing shears. 
FUNGICIDE AND INSECTICIDE SOLU- 
TIONS AND FORMULAE 
Tobacco, 1 pound; boiling water, 3 gallons; strain when 
cool. Very effective when used as a spray against flea, beetles, 
lice aphides (plant lice). 
Pyrethrum. 1 ounce of the " Bubach " powder, added to 2 
gallons of cold water, on any plant used for food, as this is non- 
poisonous. 
Bordeaux Mixture.  Copper-sulphate, 4 pounds; quick 
lime, 6 pounds; water, 50 gallons. Dissolve the copper-sulphate 
by putting it in a bag and hanging it in a wooden or earthen 
vessel holding 25 gallons; slake the lime gradually and add 
water until you have 25 gallons. The blue-stone mixture and 
lime should then be poured into the pump so that the two 
streams will mix thoroughly as they fall. Bordeaux mixture 
will not keep more than 24 hours. Remember this. 
Copper-Sulphate Solution. Dissolve 1 pound of copper- 
sulphate in 15 gallons of water. Do not apply this solution to 
foliage: it must be used before buds break on grape and peach 
trees. For the latter, use 25 gallons of water. 
Arsenate of Lead can be used as a substitute for Paris 
green and London purple. It can be used much stronger with 
less danger of injury to plants. Two pounds to 50 gallons of 
water will give good results against most biting insects. 
Paris Green. Actively poisonous. Add 4 ounces Paris 
green, 1 pound fresh lime to 50 gallons of water. Paris green 
and Bordeaux mixture may be applied together without the 
action of either being weakened. 
Kerosene Emulsion. One-half pound of soap dissolved in 
1 gallon of water; add to this, while hot, 2 gallons of Kero- 
sene. (The boiling soap solution should be removed from the 
fire before the kerosene is added.) Churn violently with a 
spray pump or garden syringe until the mass becomes of the 
consistency of butter. Dilute the above mixture with from 9 to 
15 parts of water when using, so that it will not be stronger 
than 1 part of oil to 9 to 15 of water. Sour milk may be used 
instead of BORD: 
White Hellebore, 1 ounce; water, 3 gallons. Effective as a 
spray for rose slugs. 
Powders. With 50 pounds of land plaster mix 1 pint of 
crude earbolie acid. Sprinkle over vines for beetle and aphides. 
Lemon Oil. We have found this an invaluable insecticide 
for all plants grown in greenhouse or in pots. Plants should 
be dipped in a solution of suitable strength. While it kills all 
scale insects, it is not injurious to the most tender plants. 
Sulphur, 1 pound; 1 pound of air-slaked lime, and boil it in 
8 quarts of water until the concoction simmers down to about 
6 quarts; add 1 gallon of this mixture to 50 gallons of water. 
Use as a spray for red spider every five or six days until the 
spider is eradicated. 
Larkin’s Sulpho-Tobacco Soap is a universal insecticide. 
A sure and safe exterminator of all kinds of inseets and vermin 
on plants, shrubbery, vines, small fruits and trees. Italso acts 
as a powerful fertilizer; plants that have wilted from the 
ravages of insects will regain their freshness and grow luxuri- 
antly. The soap is non-poisonous and absolutely safe to handle. 
It will not injure the tenderest growth. 
SPRAYING 
We cannot be too emphatic in impressing on the hortieulturist 
to spray his fruit trees and grape-vines if he desires good fruit. 
Follow directions carefully. Experiments frequently result 
disastrously. Careless spraying will result in loss of fruit and 
sometimes the trees. Every fruit-grower should purchase a 
spraying apparatus; they can now be had for a small sum. Be 
careful in keeping your solution continually stirred. The best 
time for spraying is late in the afternoon or during cloudy 
weather, except with kerosene emulsion; this should be used 
on bright sunshiny days. (We recommend the Gould Pumps. 
Write us for prices on these; we can save you money.) 
