4 
THE AUSTRALIAN GARDENER. 
JULY 1, 1902. 
early bloomers and a succession can be had 
by planting late in the winter. 
GAILLARDIA (named after the French 
Botanist, Gaillard.)—This is a handsome 
flower in double and single varieties, usually 
bi-coloured, red, or may be brown and yellow. 
Very hardy, preferring a sunny situation and 
sandy soil. Requires’ little cultivation to 
keep it in bloom almost all the year 
through. G. grandiflora is the perennial 
single flowered, in a large variety of 
colours. G. picta Lorenziana is the double 
annual type. 
HELICHRYSUM (from helios, sun, and 
chrysos, gold). The beauty, variety, and 
everlasting nature of the blooms of these 
flowers deserve more attention from cottage 
gardeners. Few flowers are prettier when 
grown in groups of white, red, yellow, orange, 
purple, and pink. They are divided into 
annuals, perennials, half-hardy, and hardy 
evergreen shrubs. A number have been 
introduced from the Cape, Western Australia, 
Tasmania, and Southern Europe. 
LOBELIA (named after the French 
botanist, Lobel) is perhaps the prettiest of 
all annuals for edging and bordering, group- 
ing, or designing, in fact this beautiful little 
annual of prevailing blue cannot well be put 
out of place anywhere in the garden or orna- 
mental window pots or frames. The Erinus 
dwarf varieties are most popular, rarely grow- 
ing more than six inches high. The her- 
baceous kinds are scarlet, crimson, red, 
yellow, and shades of blue, in a hundred 
varieties from all over the world. Littoralis has 
a trailing habit, and makes a lovely basket- 
plant, both with flowers and brigh seeds. 
LUPINS are not largely cultivated, but it 
should be known that the common blue 
flower, quite worth cultivating, is only one of 
a number of other colours. The Californian 
, Menziesii is a beautiful yellow, the Egyptian 
‘Termis is white, and the Mutabilis rose and 
white, Elegans is violet and rose. The bulk 
of these come from North America: The 
light-green foliage, too, makes a nice change 
from the prevailing darker green surroundings. 
‘The name has belied itself so far as Australia 
is concerned. It comes from lupus, a wolf, 
devastating the land. Here the perennials are 
valuable as a preventive against sanddrift, and 
some ot them are grand flowering plants. 
MIMULUS, or Monkeyflower, from mimo, 
an ape, referring to the gaping mouth. Best 
treated as annuals in a moist spot in the 
garden. ‘They make beautiful pot plants. 
The prevailing colour is yellow, but the 
Nobilis crimson is a_ brilliant flower, and also 
the scarlet Cardinalis. The herbaceous Alatus 
is described as a light blue, but rarely grown. 
The spotted duplex Tigrinus is a novel variety. 
They are easily grown ina damp soil, either 
from seeds, cuttings, or divisions. 
NEMOPHILA is one of the daintiest of 
our little summer annuals. It makes 
charming little groups, and ribbons, centres, 
or circles. They are named from the Latin, 
nemos a grove, and phileo, love, love 
grove, from their native habits of 
modesty, and introduced from Cali- 
fornia. The tips of the petals are coloured, 
some speckled, and the main colours are 
white with purple specks, and pale blue. They 
will grow in almost any soil or situation, 
PHLOX—Phlox, meaning a flame, ranks 
high as a favourite, and few flowers have 
better claim to admiration. The colouring 
of the blooms is intensely rich, varying down 
to the most delicate tints, and the flowers 
stood out gaily in profusion above the foliage. 
The growth is most favoured as seedlings 
pricked out in winter. The species 
grown by almost everybody is Drum- 
monaii, because of the number of varieties. 
In fact one need hardly enquire for varieties 
outside of this species for beautiful bloomers, 
large as the choice may be. As_ perennials 
a number of varieties give intense satisfaction 
to specialists who can produce beautiful 
blooms all through the year. Their cultiva- 
tion from divisions and cuttings _ re- 
quire perhaps more than usual atten- 
tion, especially during the hottest part of 
summer heat, when they should be growing 
strong. Specialists differ upon the best 
system to be adopted, and we shall be glad 
to publish the experiences of growers upon 
their particular methods of cultivation, 
PANSY—What garden on the face of 
creation would be complete without the viola 
tricolor brought in from its native habitat of 
the cornfields and developed into such 
marvels of beauty in the floral world. The 
plants will grow almost anyhow and anywhere, 
and produce blooms worth having. But the 
blooms that draw forth the exclamations of 
admiration when viewed from the show 
stands are not subject to such conditions. 
The position for good results should be pro- 
tected from cutting winds, yet free to air 
circulation. The morning sun is best, the 
midday glare being too strong for-the prize 
beauties, as under its influence the petals 
will lose their freshness of colour and become 
wilted. A cool atmosphere, a moist, rich 
but light, well manured, well drained soil, 
with applications of liquid manure, and, 
given good strains, the garden will gratify the 
most ardent admirer of the most cheerful of 
plant life in the show. ‘They may be culti- 
vated as perennials, but the best results al- 
ways come from new plants. A good variety 
is catalogued as Benary’s Mixture, Bugnot 
(the pronunciation should be on the “u”), 
aed Trimardeau Giants, although some gar- 
deners adversely criticise the latter. The viola 
cornuta, tufted or bedding, pansies are 
specially mentioned, and with good reason. 
They are known as sweet violets because of 
their délicate perfume, and much prized for 
their value in bouquets. 
POPPY—The plant produces a thick 
milky juice, and hence the name papaver. 
This wild beauty of the cornfields has been 
under cultivation for years beyond recall, and 
. speaks of them as 
becomes popular by fits and starts according 
to the caprice of fashion. Nevertheless it 
always finds a place among the spring gaities. 
The Shirley poppies seem to be coming into 
vogue, and next spring many gardeners will 
have them amongst their specialties. The 
colours of this strain yield a great variety in 
the primes, and tints ranging from the purest 
white to the deepest crimson. ‘The Oriental 
perennial poppies bear gigantic blooms from 
six to nine inches across in two or three 
colours. 
RANUNCULUS (Crowfoot, from rana, a 
frog)—Possibly because of the peculiar ap- 
pearance of the roots or tubers. The Ra- 
nunculaceze is a large order, and amongst the 
commonest from all time in gardens, but 
nevertheless beautiful. The florists have 
raised it toa fine distinction from the plebeian 
name of Crowfoot to Asiaticus (Superbissimus). 
Whatever the name may imply in the matter 
of glory there is no questioning the fact that 
there is no spring garden of any pretensions 
whatever without the bright yellows and 
gorgeous reds of the Ranunculus. As seed- 
lings sown early they can be recommended, but 
cultivated from divisions of the tuberous 
roots they give a maximum satisfaction for a 
minimum of labour and care. The varieties 
are numerous enough, and for the most part 
come from Europe and North America. In 
England they require careful cultivation, but 
in Australia the soil generally, whether arti- 
ficially prepared or otherwise, and the climatic 
conditions, whether in the hills or mountains 
or on the plains, seem equally to favour the 
successful production of this flower. 
STOCKS (Mathiola)—Named after the 
celebrated Italian botanist Mathioli. How- 
ever this distinction ‘of botanical nomencla- 
ture came to an Italian may be a study in- 
teresting to pursue, but their ancestry as an 
old English flower runs back a considerable 
period. We find Shakspeare writing about 
them as gillovors or gilloflower. The 
‘streaked gillovors are noticed by the shep- 
herdess Perdita in ‘‘A Winter’s Tale.” - The 
reference being to the art in Nature of the 
pollen of one flower being impregnated to 
another. Parkinson’s book published in 
1629 refers to carnations and stock gillovors 
as “the pride of our English flowers, and the 
queen of delight and of flowers.” Fashion 
and the art of gardening have seen many 
changes through the past three hundred 
years, but the old time gillovors, now known 
as stocks, still hold a pride in the 
hearts of many gardeners. One writer 
being incomparable 
for fragrance, beauty, and dazzling 
effect. There are some strains of biennials, 
but the annuals are the most satisfactory. 
The most popular are the ten week dwarfs, 
which will grow almost anywhere. Small 
clumps of stocks render a most delightful 
fragrance to a garden, and give a good diver- 
sity of colour. 
SAPONARIA.—Referred to. by Johnson 
as soapwort, from sapo, soap, because the 
bruised leaves of officinalis form a lather like 
soap. This is one of the daintiest little 
flowers for artistic bordering that can be ob- 
tained amongst the annuals. They rarely 
grow more than six inches high, but are pro- 
lific in bloom. There are not many varieties 
and the colours are restricted to pinks and 
