18 
THE AUSTRALIAN GARDENER. 
f é 
MarcH 2, 1903. 
was not sprayed, the fruit fell to the .ground 
in cart loads and was taken away to feed 
pigs. This year the tree was sprayed, and 
at the time of the visit, it was literally 
covered with fruit, and the fallings on the 
ground were seen to be not a dozen all 
told. i 
At a meeting held under the shade of one 
of the clean apple trees, Mr. Sandow received 
the hearty congratulations of the Association, 
and in returning thanks he volunteered all 
the information required to attain the same 
success that was seen there, and patiently 
answered a perfect storm of questionings. A 
paper was read by Mr. Robinson upon the 
results of his efforts at spraying, which we are 
pleased to print. 
PEOCE SESS SEF 
NOTES ON SPRAYING FOR 1902 
AND 1903. 
2oese > 
By W. D. Rosinson. 
First spray used for the season on Octo 
ber 9, 1902, with Bordeaux mixture, for 
scab and fusicladium, the trees being in 
full blossom at the time. Strength of mix- 
ture, 6 lb. of bluestone, 6 lb. of fresh lime, 
made up to 40 gallons of water. 
Results of the spraying as above was 
that. the foliage was much better in color 
and growth, and fruit free from spots. I 
have been accustomed to using the above 
when the trees were dormant; but never 
had such good results as this time. For 
the future I shall only use the Bordeaux 
mixture when the trees are active. When 
the trees are in active growth the pests are 
also active, and gives the Bordeaux mix- 
ture a better chance to clear the pests. 
Feb. 3, 1903. 
Copiin Morn Spray. 
Commenced to spray for the moth on 
Thursday, October 23, using | lb. of white 
arsenic, 2 lb. of soda crystals, boiled to one 
gallon. One pint of this mixture was put 
to 40 gallons of water, in which was 
slaked 8 Ib. of lime. It is worth while 
to mention that in mixing the arsenic 1 
pit the pint of arsenic into 8 gallons of 
milk of lime, containing 8 lb. of lime, and 
added 32 gallons of water after using 
Brighton lime, quite fresh, at this time. 
The pears were just formed and considered 
ready to spray. The apples were in 
bloom, so the latter were slightly sprayed 
all over the foliage and blossom. 
Second spray, November 6. The pears 
grown a good deal; the apples were just 
right to spray. wx 
Third spray on December 1. This time 
there had been rather too long an interval. 
The weatier had been unesttled, with 
rains. ‘l'ne first sign noticed of where the 
moths had been at work. Some of the 
Maiden’s Blush apples were slightly bored, 
but the grubs in nineteen cases out of 
twenty had perished after penetrating the 
eel. After this spray I had all the trees 
bandaged—thirty-eight trees in all— 
ranging from eighteen years to five years 
old. 
Fourth spray on January 2, 1903. The 
moths show, but few as yet, and the 
fruit appears to be clean and good, and 
in every way encouraging. The bandages 
have been taken off weekly, and as yet 
have only caught up to date fifteen in all. 
This is a remarkable contrast to last sea- 
son’s total to date of 175, after which I 
became disgusted and lost count. It is 
worth noting that I left four trees with 
a few apples on each of them unsprayed 
the first and second sprayings. The 
variety is Newtown Pippin, and nearly 
every apple on them is infested with the 
codlin moth. 
Fifth spray om the 24th of January. 
The apples and pears look well. The 
Maiden’s Blush apples appear to be the 
most affected by the codlin. The bandages 
have been inspected weekly, and up to 
date have yielded sixty grubs. The crop 
of apples was heavy, and I consider that 
there was but a small proportion of grubs, 
in no way compared to the previous year. 
I am glad to say that the spraying is very 
encouraging, and I hope to store not less 
than 85 per cent. of clean fruit. 
re 
DUST SPRAYING. 
2eSeee 
A. CONSERVATIVE VIEW OF IT AS 
COMPARED WITH THE USE OF 
LIQUID. 
“In apple growing districts experiments 
are being made with dust as compared 
with liquid spraying. The dust is blown 
upon the trees by means of an air blast.” 
In view of this fact “The Rural New 
Yorker’ publishes the opinions of some 
practical horticulturists on this practice. 
The secretary of the Missouri Horticul- 
tural Society says: 
Tam slowto say much about. “dust 
spray” because I do not yet feel sure that 
ii is as efficient as the liquid. In fact, 
it has not been tested long enough to say 
exactly how valuable it is. Our entomolo- 
gists and best informed men on fungous 
diseases give it as their opinion that the 
“dust spray” is not as efficient as the 
liquid. But it is applied so much more 
easily and quickly than the liquid’ that we 
can dust the orchard twice or three times 
with the same expense as one application 
of the liquid. We can get on the ground 
when it is so wet that we could not haul 
a load of water. 
The hand dusters are easily handled, 
and the work can be done after a rain 
or mist, or while the dew is on early in 
the morning. We often dust from 4 to 
8 a.m., and give the men a half day for 
the work. Lime (air slaked, fresh) is 
the base to carry the insecticides and fun- 
gicides. I am sure also that lime is good 
for both these. It is a good insecticide, 
and it is a good fungicide, and this year 
we shall test it alone on a forty or eighty 
acre orchard. 
I have used the dust jprocess, first, in a 
small way three years ago; second, on 
forty acres two years ago; last year on 
over 240 acres. This year we shall use 
it on over 400 acres. I used one pound 
- of paris green to ten pounds of lime; shall 
use only half that strength this year, as 
well as lime alone. I used the dry bor- 
deaux for fungicide, one pound to ten 
pounds of lime. I shall use this year 
twenty pounds of lme, one pound paris 
green, one pound bordeaux. 
We used five hand dusters and one dus- 
ter to go in a spring wagon. We dusted 
three times, and feel sure that 1b paid us 
to do so. We were compelled to use 
something besides liquid, because we had 
no water handy, and we shall continue to 
do so in our young orchards. While I can- 
not say that the dust is as valuable as the 
liquid, yet I think, from our experience, 
that we can prevent the insects and fun- 
gous diseases if we will follow.it up syste- 
matically, especially on our young or- 
chards, where these pests have not yet 
secured a hold. In an old orchard, badly 
affected with these troubles, I do not think 
we could check their ravages so quickly 
or thoroughly. 
~esesesse~ 
VEGETABLE, GARDEN. 
OPERATIONS FOR MARCH. 
_ All vacant land should be prepared dur. 
ing this month for winter and spring 
crops by a thorough digging, trenching in 
the case of new land, and heavy dressings 
of rich manure. This done, the soil should 
be thrown up that the weather may act 
upon it, and that it may bemefit to the 
fullest extent from the autumnal showers. 
Where the soil is moist and can be kept 
“so young plants of cabbage, cauliflowers, 
and celery can be put out. They should 
be well watered and mulched after trans- 
planting. To water the little plants pre- 
vious to removal and to lift with a good 
ball of earth is the safest way at this sea- 
Son. 
The hoe must be kept going continually 
to check weeds. 
Make sowings of carrots, turnips, spin- 
ach, radishes, and lettuce during the 
month. Recent sowings will be ready: now 
for thinning. Attend to this at an early 
stage. 
Young lettuce plants can be planted out 
in a rich, well-prepared soil, and where 
they can be kept moist as long as ‘ho 
warm, dry weather continues. Sow fresh 
seed for succession. Thin out the foliage 
of tomatoes, and keep the lateral shoots 
pinched off. As autumn approaches they 
will want all the sun they can get to has 
ten their ripening. Keep the soil around 
them moderately moist. As the tops of 
potatoes wither they should be dug up and 
stored in pits or cool, dark cellars. Make 
a fresh planting of potatoes in a sheltered 
position. 
Towards the end of the month plant 
bulbs of onions, shallots, &c., and let the 
soil in which they are placed be thoroughly 
moist. 
Keep up a trim and tidy appearance in 
the vegetable garden, and remove old 
haulms and all untidy matter to the rub- 
bish heaps. 
