August 1, 1905 
OPERATIONS FOR AUGUST. 
Prepare ground at once for planting lemon 
and orange trees. Manure must be used liber- 
ally, or no good results must be expected. Asa 
rule the ground should be trenched two feet 
deep and the manure worked evenly down from 
top to bottom, asit is a serious mistake to throw 
it into the trenches in masses. Care must also 
be taken to provide free drainage when planting 
in low situations, because a stagnation of water 
at the roots is disastrous to these trees, although 
a liberal supply of water must be provided to 
carry them through the months of January to 
April. After trenching, the ground should be 
left a week or two to consolidate, so that it may 
be in a good, firm condition by the middle of 
September, when the trees may be planted, 
Young orange trees should be manured and 
forked round, and afterwards mulched with a 
good coat of half-decayed stable manure. Older 
trees will now be in full bearing, and it is 
difficult to cultivate amongst them until the 
crop is removed, but as the fruit from each tree 
is gathered no time must be lost in manuring 
the trees and forking amongst tho roots. Scale 
sometimes attacks the trees in a serious manner, 
but this is readily destroyed by spraying once 
or twice with soapy water in which a little kero- 
sine has been mixed. ‘wo ounces of soap dis- 
solved in a gallon of water and a gill of the oil, 
-kept well stirred, will generally cleanse the 
trees at the second application. 
Now {is a good time to manure amongst 
apricots, peaches and nectarines. Well-decayed 
stable manure is the best fertillser for these 
trees, but bonedust may he substituted where no 
lime exists in the soil. Loquat trees may be 
planted. The ground should be trenched and 
well manured, and they should be planted in 
quarters by themselves rather than be mixed up 
with other kinds of fruits; old. trees should be 
_ well pruned, severely thinning out the branches 
and twigs, if superior fruit is desired. Loquat 
stones may be sown in nursery beds. 
(Nores py W, J, Anny.) 
GRAFTING AND BUDDING 
The latter part of this month is a good time 
to start the grafting of deciduous nursery stock, 
and should there be any unprofitable apple, pear, 
or other trees standing in the orchard, these 
also may be grafted to good varioties. Grape- 
vines are easily grafted just as the buds are well 
swollen and-about to burst. Old peach, plum, 
and apricot trees will be found much harder to 
graft than either apple or pear trees. If, how- 
ever, there are any such in the orchard which 
are unprofitable, it would be as well to cut them 
back and graft to heiter varieties, and in the 
event of the grafts not taking, young shoots 
might be allowed t+ grow and buds inserted 
either in the summicr cr full. 
SURAYING 
Besides the alive work there is the winter 
spraying with the svt su’piur, and lime solu-~ 
tion, which will kil: | «1 inds with one stone, 
being both an insti . ud a fungicide, It 
answers fairly well in tein, in check the curl 
Argh eee 
leaf of the peach tree, but for this latter disease 
Bordeaux mixture is even better. Trees treated 
with either of these solutions will show very 
little curl. 
SAN JOSE SCALE 
The lime, suphur and salt is one of the best 
sprays we haye for San Jose scale, ut where 
trees are badly infested it is best to give two 
sprayings, one in the fall and another in the 
spring, just as the leaf buds beyin to swell and 
the trees are in blosm. 
APHIS 
For peach aphis the resin and soda is a good 
useful spray, as is also the blue oil emulsion, 
but it usually takes several applications to keep 
this pest in check. 
At time of pruning, particularly in young 
orchards, a sharp lookout should be kept for the 
appearance of woolly aphis, and should any trees 
be found infested, they should be carefully 
pruned, removing and burning as many of the 
infested twigs as possible. ‘Then either scrub 
the trees thoroughly wi h a strong kerosene 
einulsion, or fumigate with hydrocyanic acid 
gas, so as to eradicate this pest if posaible. 
CODLIN MOTH 
All old bark should be scraped from apple, 
pear and quince trees, and the scrapings burnt, 
and every thing in the orchard which is a harbor 
for codlin moth must be destroyed. 
In Tasmania the moth has been kept in hand 
by repeated sprayings with Paris green, and in 
South Australia the arsenite of soda spray has 
given good results. This latter spray is prepared 
as follows—l lb of best arsenic and 2 lb of wash- 
ing soda boiled in 1 gallon of water for about 
three-quarters of an hour or until the mixture 
is clear. Then add a pint of the stock solut on to 
40 gallons of water to which has already been 
added from 6 to 8 lb of best freshly-slaked 
lime; if this latter precaution is neglected, the 
result will be that the spray will seriously burn 
the foliage. 
much more tender than others: for these use 
the larger quantity of lime, The arsenic is much 
cheaper than Paris Green, and when bought in 
quantities should not cost more than about one- 
third as much per lb. 
For this State I am of opinion that at least 
four sprayings will be necessary to keep the 
moth In check. At the Bathurst orchard this - 
year we have used the arsenite of soda and 
several other mixtures for combating the codlin 
moth, with excellent results. We picked at least 
90 per cent of clean fruit. 
CLEAN FRUIT HOUSES 
Keep all fruit houses as clean as possible, as 
there is no doubt that they are responsible for 
harboring a great many moths every year; there- 
fore keep the rooms as air tight as possible. and 
as soon as the moths begin to hatch in the 
spring, burn sulphur fumes in the rooms once 
every other day for a fortnight, so that the 
moths may be destroyed as they begin to fly. 
VINES ; 
In. working around vines keep a sharp look 
out forthe pups of the vine moth, If there are 
any old partially rotted, stakes, the moths will 
be found adhering to these, and also under the 
old bark which is hanging to the vine. Crush 
these wherever found, and thus assist in keeping 
down this pest as far as possible, 
Growers who intend using quick-acting fer- 
tilisers should make the first application th s 
month, It is best not to apply too much at one 
time, but rather make two applications — «i: » 
now, and one after the fruit is well set. 
Some varieties of apple-trees aro ~ 
THE AUSTRALIAN GARDENER. Bie ee 
W.H. COATS & SON, 
EFruitgrowers 
And Wholesale Exporters 
Bast End Market... . Adelaide. 
70: 
EXPORTERS and Importefs of Fresh Pruits 
Agents for Renmark Fruits 
And Dried Fruits. 
Also for Terry’s Jams and Preserves. 
Fresh. Fruit and Vegetables 
packed and forwarded to all 
parts of the State at lowest 
rates from our own gardens at 
Tronbank. 
F. AMBRUSTER & UHLMANN 
Wholesale 
AND 
rs néian_| lobacconists 
Nos. 9 and 151 Rundle Street 
And 82 KING WILLIAM STREET, 
ADELAIDE, 
. 
Sole Agents for— 
FLOR DE CRETA CIGARS 
STERLING SMOKING MIXTURE 
MY PET TOBACCO—Twist, Plugs and 
Cut 
Dark and Aromatic. 
Correspondents. 
All business communications to be addressed to 
“The Manager of ‘The Australian Gardener, 
corner of James 
Sa Ae Place and Grenfell-street, 
elaide, S.A.’ 
Subseriptions 
Will also be received at ; 
SypNey—Messrs Gordon & Gotch~ 
Metsourne—Messrs Gordon & Gotch 
TasmanrA—Messrs CU. J. Walch & Son, Hobart 
WESTERN AUSTRALIA—C/o Messrs Gordon and 
Gotch, Limited, Perth 
Contributors, 
All letters, manuscripts, and matter intended 
for publication should be addressed to the 
Adelaide Office, Caxton Printery, corner of 
Grenfell-street and James Place, Adelaide, and in 
order to appear in the following issue should be 
posted in time to reach Adelaide by the 20th 
of the current month. It is necessary that cor- 
respondents should furnish their names and 
addresses, . 
Subseribers, — 
The subscription rate is 3/6 per annum, posted 
to any address in Australasia, 
Single copies, 3d each, 
Subscribers are asked to notify the Adelaide 
office if they do not receive their copy of the 
paper, also any alteration of address, 
ADVERTISEMENT RATES— 
14 words, 6d perinsertion ... 12for 5s 
Particulars of rates for display advertisements 
and contracts for three, six, nine and twelve 
months will be supplied on application, 
