SEpreMBER 1, 1905 
THE AUSTRALIAN GARDENER, 7 
Clio, Dr. Audry, Duks of Edinburgh 
Earl of Dufterin, Etienne Levet 
Frau Karl Druschki 
General Jacqueminot, Heinrich Schultheis 
Horace Vernet, Jubilee 
Louis Van Houtte 
Madame Gabriel Luizet, Marie Bauman 
Marquis de Castellane 
Maurice Bernardine 
Mrs John Laing 
Mrs R. G. Sharman-Crawford 
Margaret Dickson 
Prospier Lauger, Ulrich Brunner - 
Winter Protection of Hybrid Perpetuals. 
I find drawing the soil around the base of 
the plants, the same as you hill up potatoes, 
sheds off the rain, keeping the soil dry around 
the base of the plants. Hill up 8 or9 inches and 
fill in and over the surface 4 or 5 inches of 
manure. This protects the roots and is in good 
condition to dig in the Spring. This may be done 
eary in November, it having a tendency to 
harden aud ripen up the wood before the severe 
cold season setsin. The object of hilling is to 
protect 8 or 9 inches of the wood; it matters 
little if the tops do winter-kill. Sometimes I 
think the lattera blessing in disguise, especially 
if close pruning is not practised. 
Insect and Other Enemies. 
Hellebore dusted on the leaves early in May, 
as the season leaf appears on the young shoots, 
destroys the leaf roller or slug. Usually 2 appli- 
cations are sufficient. Thrips only attack plants 
in hot, dry seasons, at the time the ground is 
deficient in moisture. Callinto requisition the 
force pump, or hydrant hose, syringing the 
bushes on the under side of the leaves. Do not 
delay for the elenents to supply the necessary 
fluid: delays are dangerous. 
For exterminating aphis frequent syring- 
ings by force pump or hose proves effective and 
beneficial. For mildew sulphur dusted over the 
affected plants allays this disease. For rose or 
Hesian bugs, hand picking is the only good 
remedy. A preventive is to plant near small 
white shrubs, Viburnum opulis or white wege- 
lias, this attracts the rose bugs. A white flower 
has a peculiar attraction forthem. ‘Tne bug is 
the most detestable and destructive pest to con- 
tend against. 
The Hybrid Teas. 
This may properly be called the true perpa- 
tual rose. While the number of varieties that 
have proved hardy enough to withstand this 
cimate is not large, there are at least 15 sorts 
that prove most satisfactory, with careful eul- 
tivation and protection. 
This class of roses requires a light, sandy soil 
for the best growth and development. The 
hybrid teas are growing in fayour each year. 
This is the coming rose, and in the course of 
ten years | predict these will displace or super- 
sede the hybrid perpetuals to a large extent. 
The large number of new varieties which will be 
introduced within the next two years, together 
with the kinds proving hardy and already been; 
grown here, will made a choice list of ever- 
blooming roses. 
The new address of the “ Australian 
Gardener’? —The corner of James Place and 
Grenfell street, City. 
Georg Lloyd, . 
Painter 
Of Garden Scenes, lowers, Panels, etc. 
-Address—Geo. Lloyd, care of Cuxton Printery, 
Adelaide, ~~ © 
XKihe Orchard. 
OPERATIONS FOR SEPTEMBER 
Citrus Trees. 
RANGE, lemon and other trees of the 
3) citrus family may be planted: Although 
the early autumn is the best time in which to 
plant them, where a plentiful supply of water is 
at command through the summer September is 
a suitable month. As soon as the trees are in 
place they should be mulched with new stable 
litter, as this keeps the suil at a cool tempera- 
ture through the hot weather. The soil cannot 
be too carefully prepared for the orange tree ; 
deep soil with good drainage is the chief essen- 
tial to success. Whether the ground selected 
for planting be river alluvial or ordinary pad- 
dock land, it is necessary to break up the whole 
to a depth of 18 or more inches, and as the 
trenching proceeds to evenly incorporate as 
much decayed stable manure as is available. 
Failing a good quantity of this, boue manure 
would answer for mixing with the subsoil, 
coarse bonedust being far better for the purpose 
than fine stuff. So far as the surface is con- 
cerned it is necessary to provide well decayed 
stable manure to fork in close to the trees to 
give them a start. 
Pruning 
should be carried on with dispatch, and asa 
thorough system of spraying is the only hope 
of the orchardist against the codlin moth pest a 
system of pruning must be adopted to suit the 
use of the spraying machine. This means an 
open-headed tree, with ample space between the 
branches—a rather low spreading habit, which 
will ma‘e it easy for fruit gathering as well as 
for spraying and pruning. ‘he height of such 
a tree should not exceed 10 ft., and it would be 
better a little lower if the nature of the tree will 
allow of such a habit. 
Seraping. 
All pruning being finished, attention should 
be paid to the stems and main branches of 
deciduous trees. The rough barh that forms 
shelter for the larvee of insect pests should be 
carefully scraped off and the whole surface after- 
wards washed with lime. ‘This acts beneficially 
in several ways: it keeps the sap of the trees 
coolin hot weather, prevents the lodgment of in-* 
sects, and also the growth of moss and lichen. 
It is important to keep the hose busy during 
the month, and in large orchards the horsehoe 
should be used at least twice, as then the 
ground will be kept quite free from weeds, as 
they are easily destroyed when young. 
Grafting © 
may be carried on through the month. In the 
case of old, healthy trees of inferior varieties of 
apples and pears, it is the best plan to cut back 
the branches, allow new branches to form in the 
summer, and then put the grafts on the best 
placed shoots the following spring. In this way 
the graft and stock will be the same size and 
fit perfectly, and the stock will not receive so 
severe 4 shock as when denuded of its young 
growth, except that which finds its way through 
the graits, The lopping off of branches checks 
the stock but little, but when the new shoots 
that form are kept rubbed off, as is usually done 
with newly-grafted old stocks, the check is very 
severe. This method of grafting is well-known 
and is as follows: Putting the grafts in the ends 
of the stumped branches; shaving the lower 
end of the scion into a triangular shape and in- 
serting it between the bark and the wood. The 
grafts unite readily in this way, but the stock 
does not recover so well as when the first method 
mentioned is practised. Inferior varieties. of. 
grape vines may be grafted with approved sorts 
through the month. The work is done thus— 
The soil is taken away from the stems to a 
depth of about 10 inches, the vine is cut off 4 to 
6 inches below the surface, and the grafts either 
wedged into the top or slipped into a cut on the 
z'de of the stem. The scion or graft should be 
tightly tied in position, one eye projecting above 
the surface, and the excavation refilled’ with 
soil. ae 
Strawberries. a 
Where strawberries are grown it is important 
to weed the beds and to spread mulch amongst 
them. The beat material for this purpose is 
stable litter from which the short stuff has been 
shaken. ‘This acts also as a manure,as the rains 
clean the straw and carry the manurial ele- 
ments into the soil. 
Raspberries PRXKH 
should he finished off early this month. After 
pruning the canes and tying them in position 
the ground should he manured and forked over, 
and then the whole surface can be mulched with 
long new stable litter. 
Poultry Breeders, Dealers 
and others, subscribe to 
Australian Gardener. 8s. 6d. 
per annum. 
Office: Gender’s Buildings, 
Hindmarsh Square. 
a 
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