Dairy Industry. 
1. When farm crops are fed to live stock and 
converted into marketable or manufactured 
articles, such as milk, butter or cheese, they will 
return a much greater revenue than could be 
secured from the sale of those same crops in the 
crude form. 
The sale of the entire crop each year removes 
he plant food from the soil slowly, but surely, 
and produces undesirable physical conditions in 
the soil, which cannot be altogetber overcome 
through the use of artificial fertilisers alone, 
2. The dairy business, therefore, aids greatly 
in restoring and maintaining the fertility of the 
farm. Two questions are asked most frequently, 
the one, “ How does the keeping of dairy cows 
tend to increase the productiveness of the farm 
‘more than other kinds of live stock?” and the 
other, ‘‘ Why do you advise me to keep cows? I 
don’t like to milk ?” 
In feeding beef cattle, sheep or swine. about 
the same percentage of the food consumed is 
voided in the form of liquid and solid excrement 
as in the case of dairy cattle, but when the meat 
producing animals are marketed large quanti- 
ties of plant food leave the farm. fat steer or 
heifer goes to the market at from 24 to 30 months 
of age, while the good dairy cow remains to the 
age of ten or twelve years or even more, : 
In the bone, muscle. tendon, hide, etc., of the 
steer large amounts of nitrogen, phosphoric acid 
and potash are carried away, while the fat of 
butter consists largely of carbon, hydrogen and 
oxygen, of which there is such an abundan 
supply that the plantis seldom if everin needo 
them, — 
The form in which dairy products are dis 
posed of will materially influence the amount of 
fertilising material left on the farm. Consider 
ing the question from this standpoint, that 
method of procedure by which the skim milk is 
retained for feeding purposes is best: it can 
then be used in rearing both calves and pigs, 
during which process a large part will return to 
fertilise the soil. The least fertilising material is 
removed from the dairy farm when butter is 
manufactured, more material is removed by the 
cheesemaking, and whey, a less valuable pro- 
duct than skim milk, is left for feeding, As the 
farmer is deprived of both skim milk and whey 
when the milk is sold outright that method of 
disposal which leaves the skim milk on the farm 
for feeding purposes cannot be too highly recom- 
mended. 
8. Dairy farming is a particularly desirable 
occupation for the man with limited means, He 
can begin and ccnduct the business with much 
less capital than those engaged in meat produc- 
tion. Of course it means constant hard labor, 
but this can be made to supplant a large part of 
the capital that would be otherwise needed and 
which the poor man has difficulty in obtaining 
In the dairy business cash returns come seldom 
less than once a month and frequently oftener, 
whereas in pork, mutton, or beef production the 
returns come but tw or three times a year.— 
Michigan Farmer. 
by the back, 
THE AUSTRALIAN GARDENER. 
November 6, 1905 
The Draught Horse. 
The up-to date draught horse is one that stands 
close to the gronnd with short legs and broad 
base. The feet are well apart, with space enough 
for another foot of the sume size to be placed he- 
tween them. ‘The back of this animal will be 
somewhat shorter than that of the speed horse. It 
is with the hind legs that he propels himself, and 
thus it can be seen that, since the collar is on the 
shoulder, the whole weight of the load is drawn 
Therefore, it must be short and 
well muscled. 
The shoulder of this horse islong and well 
shaped, so as to give a good base to the coliar: it 
should be more nearly perpendicular than that of 
the speed animal. However, sloping shoulders 
are often found in our best draught horses. 
The hocks of this horse will show rather a 
narrow angle, because it is by this that a greater 
leverage is given, and he is able to move heavy 
loads. : 
The boay is massive. low set, ample, very mus- 
cular and cylindrical. ‘The horse should have 
solid, large broad bones and limbs: the latter are 
well formed and properly placed under his body. 
He should have large, healthy, well formed 
hoofs, heels well separated, frog strong, healthy 
and quite hard: good physiognomy, plenty of 
style and action, ardour and endurance, He 
must have a short, rather straight pastern in 
order to do the heavy work required of him. . 
His weight should be in the neighborhood of a 
ton; if he weighs a little more or less, but is good 
otherwise, he will not be long without a pur- 
chaser. 
The animal can be of any draught breed. 
Each has special characteristics; which commend 
them to their admirers. It is not necessary at 
this time to favor one and condemn the others, 
for all brecds sell alike when the animals are of 
the right kind, We say that it is quite easy to 
describe the animal we would like to produce, 
but to produce him is another thing. 
A short time ago any horse that would weigh 
1400 or 1500 pounds was awkward, big headed, 
lazy, and good for no particular labor, was 
classed as a draught horse by the layman. To- 
day in many places this same notion prevails, If 
we will become acquainted with the animal 
many farmers raise and force upon the market, 
we will find they are not draught horses, neither 
are they road or coach horses, but quite likely a 
lot of misfits that belong to no particular class, 
and for which there is no market. The farmer 
should learn to produce that which the people 
want and the market demands. © ; 
Breed for merit as well as pedigree, and if 
breeding for speed see that the ancestors of 
both sire and dam are bred in the most success- 
ful speed producing lines. The greater the num- 
ber of famous producing sires among the near 
ancestors the better. ae, 
Mr. F. G- Lillingston, electrical engineer and 
contractor, also importer and electroplater, of 
122 Grenfell-street, city, reports that he is doing 
excellent business this season. He has received 
an order to furnish a new residence with electric 
fittings throughout. Although the house is a 
large one, the o vner has decided upon having no 
chimneys in it, depending for light, heat for cook- 
ing and warmth, &c., upon electric furnishing, 
Besides the great saving effected in the non- 
erection of chimneys, the saving in space is also 
a great recommendation for nul 
in this direction. 
The proprietor of the Southern Cross hotel is 
a lover of flowers, and makes his well known 
establishment attractive by a lavish display of 
floral decorations. The hotel is one of the best 
conducted in the city, and is a favorite place of 
residence for country and interstate visitors 
during their stay in Adelaide, 
ising electricity 
The Most Profitable Horse. 
The question is so often asked—‘* What is the 
best and most profitable breed of horse to take 
up?” that a geaeral reply may be given here. 
There is no most profitable horse iu the accepted 
sense of the word best, as almost every element 
of success, apart from a spirit of perseverance on 
the part of the breeder, depends upon the condi- 
tions under which he lives. 
The question of soil, of climate, of space, and 
to a lesser extent perhaps of personal inclina- 
tion, must all be taken into consideration, before 
a stud can be expected to pay, for horses, though 
they may exist. and even thrive under congenial 
conditions, require to be most carefully studied 
in the matters referred to above if it is de-ired to 
produce them and bring them to maturity at 
their very best. 
The business of a horse breeder is always 
more or less of a speculative character, so far as 
the production of animals of the very highest 
character is coacerned, but, on the other hand, a 
persistent attachment to the orthodox rules of 
‘breeding is morally certain to bring its reward in 
the long run By this it is meant thatif the 
owner places the proper kind of horses upon his 
land, exercises proper judgmeut in thinking out 
his crosses, and sticks to blood without being led 
away by outside influences, such as a win at a 
show, if he does his animals properly and perse- 
veres, he is very likely indeed to make his stud 
pay him well. ‘ 
Misfortune, in the form of unexpected contin- 
gencies may cause a temporary check, but breed- 
ing must tell in the end, and therefore, if he ‘de- 
termines to avoid reckless experiments in cross- 
ing, and to stick to the best bl od, a man should 
have full confidence in investing capital in 
horses. 
Tailor 
And 
~ Mercer 
266 Rundle St. E. 
Our Cut, Style and Finish 
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