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November1)1904" 
gois Michélon, Comtesse de Serenye, S. M. 
Rodocanachi, Maman Cochet, Helen Kel- 
dct, Her Majesty, and Etienne Levet; 
ewentre row, Duke of Fife, Kaiser Augusta 
Victoria, A. K. Williams, Bessie Brown 
{zood),* Tom Wood, Mrs. Mawley, G. H. 
Mackereth, Margaret Dickson, Gladys 
Harkness, The Bride, Shandon, Florence 
Pemberton (new, creamy), Marie Bau- 
mann, La France, Mrs. W. J. Grant, Com- 
tesse de: Nadaillac (very pale), Madame 
Hausmann, Mildred Grant, Marie Rady, 
Souvenir d’Elise Vardon, Alfred Colomb, 
Hon. E. Gifford, Horace Vernet, and Ma- 
dame Eugene Verdier; front row, Ernest 
Metz; John Stuart Mill, Marchioness of 
Downshire, Dupuy Jamain, Avoca, Comte 
Raimbaud, White Lady, Mrs. Sharman 
@rawford, Souvenir de S. A. Prince, Xavie. 
Olibo, Anna Ollivier, Duke of Wellington, 
WNiphetos, E. Y. Teas, Lady Mary Fitz- 
william, Oscar Cordell, Madame de Watte- 
ville, Marquise Litta, Baroness Rothschild, 
Duchess De Morny, Muriel Grahame, Pros- 
per Languier, Daisy, and Alice Grahame. 
The best forty-eight distinct, also from 
Mr. Hugh Dickson, Belfast. The varieties 
were Gustave Piganeau, Baroness Roths- 
child; Mrs. J. Laing, Mrs. Sharman Craw- 
ford, Francois Michelon, Marchioness of 
Yondonderry, Etienne Levet, La Frai- 
cheur, S. M. Rodocanachi, Marchioness of 
Dufferin, Marquise Litta, White Lady, 
Captain Hayward, Madame E. Verdier, 
Uirich Brunner, and Caroline Testout, in 
the back row; Marchioness of Downshire, 
Gady Mary Fitzwilliam, La France, 
Worace Vernet, Bessie Brown, Mrs. Hugh 
Dickson (new), Mrs. E. Mawley, Comte 
Mainbaud, Mrs. W. J. Grant, A. K. Wil- 
Jiams, Duchess of Albamy, Duke of Wel- 
ington; Mrs. W. F. Sandford, Miss Jeannie 
Dickson, Margaret Dickson, and Duke of 
Fife, in the centre row; and Helen Keller, 
Madame Cadeau Ramy, Comtesse de 
uudre, Elise Fugier, E. Y. Teas, Killarney, 
Tom Wood; Bridesmaid, K. A. Victoria, 
Firnest Metz, Beauty of Waltham, Miss E. 
Richardson, Danmark, Cleopatra, J. S. 
Mill, and Souvenir de Eugene Verdier, in 
the front row. 
ROSA RUGOSA AND ITS HYBRIDS. 
By W. J Bray. 
Of all the wild types of Rosa, R. rugosa 
as perhaps the sturdiest and most robust. It 
Zs also one of the hardiest. R. kamtschatica; 
which is now regarded as a form of rugosa. 
was introduced in 1802, but it was not till 
2845 that the true rugosa reached Hurope. 
3t does not appear to have attracted any 
particular notice for a long time after that 
date. 
3t has become a popular rose, and has been 
extensively crossed with other species and 
garden varieties. These rugosa hybrids 
already form a considerable group, and are 
being added to every year. If they do not 
equal the teas and other garden races in 
Deauty of flower they possess certain quali- 
ties wating in their showier rivals. In the 
first place they are considerably hardier and 
van be grown almost anywhere, where the 
4eas and even the H P’s. are too teuder to 
During the last few years, however, — 
THY AUSTRALIAN GARDENER. "le 
succeed: without protection, 
of their foliage and very frequently in that 
of their fruits they are also superior. 
_k. rugosa is a native of Japan, where. 
accurding to siebold it frequents sandy 
pieces of zronnd near water. ‘Che Japanese 
cali it ‘‘ Hamma nasi,’’ which, being cor- 
rupted into ‘** Ramanas,”’ is sometimes used 
as a popular name for the rugosa group of. 
roses. Several varieties of it are cultivated 
by the Japanese and Chinese, and many: 
hundreds of years agu it was used by the 
ladies of the Chinese court for making a 
pot-pourri by mixing the petals with musk 
and camphor. The shrub grows from four 
feet to six feet high, and its branches are 
very densely armed with straight prickles. 
For making a beautiful informal hedge, or 
for planting in groups in semi-wild parts of 
the gar.eu, this rose is: admirable. The 
foliage is very handsome, the leaflets being 
of a rich green, firm texture, and distin- 
guished by the rugose (or wrinkled) surface 
to which the name refers. In the wild type 
the fluwer is single, three inches or more 
across, and either rose-colored or white. 
The fragrance is charming, a quality which, 
happily, niost of its progeny.also possess. 
Lastly, as a fruit-bearing rose, this is: 
almost unequalled, its large, orange-shaped 
hips being of a bright coral-red. ‘The only 
pruning it neeas is an occasional removal of 
old, worn-out wood Nothing in the shape 
of systematic shortening back must be 
done. Some of the more pendent growing 
sorts mentioned are sometimes grown as 
standards budded on the briar. 
R. rugosa is one of the easiest of roses to 
isybridise. When planted near other spe- 
cies the transference of pollen by bees will 
often result in hybrids appearing among 
the seedlings. Such haphazard crosses, 
however, are seldom of value, and are, in 
fact, too numerous already. What is 
wanted is a careful selection of parents with 
a view to producing new and distinct 
crosses of similar quality to Madame 
Georges Bruant, Mrs. Anthony Waterer, 
and such like. ‘Lhe following is a list, with 
brief descriptions of the rugosa hybrids and 
varieties that have come under my notice. 
They are particularly to be commended to 
the notice of those readers whose gardens 
are situated in the more inclement localities. 
Alba, flowers single, pure white. Plant 
in other respects similar to the type. Alba 
microphylla is a smaller, more bushy form. 
America, more valuable for its fruits 
(which are large and handsome) than the 
flowers; the latter are crimson, and slightly 
double. 
Andrew, a cross apparently with the sweet 
briar or a similar rose. I have not seen the 
flowers: 
Belle Poitevine, a very handsome variety. 
The flowers are very large and double, and 
of a clear rose color. It keeps in flower for 
many weeks, and is a vigorous grower. 
Blance double de Coubert is perhaps. the 
best of the white rugosa roses. The flowers 
are very large, double, and pure white. 
Mr. W. Paul compares the bud to that of 
tea rose ‘‘ Niphetos.”’ 
Calocarpa, a strong growing variety, par- 
ticularly attractive when carrying its fruits, 
which are scarlet aud borne in jarge clus- 
ters. Flowers single, rose colored Raised 
In the beauty. 
roses, 
by M. Bruant from rugosa and Bengal rose. 
Shedane Guinoisseau, flowers double, 
bright rose, and of large size. The fruit 
alsu is very handsome. A good variety. 
Comte d@’Epresmenil, one of the oldest 
garden varieties. A vigorous grower, with 
semi-double purplish-crimson flowers. — 
Flore plono, the flowers of this are very 
double, but not of the largest, and purplish- 
crimson. It is a grower of medium 
strength. 
Fimbriata was raised from rugosa crossed 
with Madame Abel Carriere, by M. Morlet 
in France. Flowers pure. white, petals 
fringed. An interesting and pretty plant. 
Germanica has pure white, very double 
flowers, similar to.those of Blanc double de 
Coubert ; habit also similar. 
Glabriuscula, flowers single, pink ; foliage 
dull green. 
Hargita, flowers double, bright rose. A 
hybrid with a tea rose. : 
Heterophylla. This is new to me this 
year, but is one of the most promising of 
the rugosa hybrids, It seems to be the re- 
sult of a cross with some. Polyantha rose. 
It has a free, graceful, spreading habit, 
and its flowers are pure white, double, and 
two inches across, 
Himnalayensis. (See flore pleno.) 
Iwara is a hybrid between R. multiflora 
and R. rugosa. It was introduced from 
Japav, and is probably a natural hybrid. 
Kluwers single, pure white, and small, but 
produced in lurge clusters, as in multiflora. 
lt is a shrub of free and graceful habit, but 
its flowers are short-lived, and few are open 
at one time. 
Jelina is probably a hybrid with some 
tea rose. This is not so strong-growing as: 
the majority. The flowers are double, and 
of a .ovely shade of deep rose. 
Kamtschatica, a wild variety of rugosa, 
with a strong habit and large leaves. 
Flowers single, dark rosy-crimson. Wood 
‘not so prickly as ordinary rugosa. Intro- 
duced in 1802. 
Lible, a hybrid with some tea rose, and 
one of the most robust of that group. 
Flowers single, vivid rose color. 
Madame Charles Fred Worth, a very 
distinct hybrid (probably with a H.P.) of 
erect and vigorous habits. The leaves are 
largest among the rugosa crosses. Flowers. 
very full and fragrant, crimson. 
Madame Georges Bruant. This beautiful 
variety is one of the best hnown of the 
rugosa hybrids. 1t is of vigorous growth 
and produces its large, double, pure white 
flowers in clusters. Tea Rose ‘‘ Sombreuil”’ 
is one parent. 
Mrs. Anthony Waterer, raised at the 
Knap Hill Nursery by crossing rugosa and 
General Jacqueminot. It is one of the best 
of this race, flowering with great profusion, 
and being one of the most fragrant of all 
Flowers crimson, semi-double. ~ 
Nitens, figured many years ago in the 
‘‘Botanical Register” (t. 824), I do not 
know if this be still in cultivation. It is 
allied to kamtschatica, but the leaves are 
shining on both surtaces. 
Rose Apple is most noteworthy on account 
of its very fine red fruits, but in habit, leaf, 
and flower is one of the most ornamental. 
Flowers semi-Jouble, satiny rose. 
Souvenir de Christophe Cuchet, a vigo- 
