16 
the food supply it would be impossible to 
Maintain in such soil the vigor for which 
the whole of the occupants of the beds are 
aemarkable. ; 
The pillars of Roses which so greatly en- 
ance the general. effect are well deserving 
wi special mention, for they teach one or 
zwo lessons that are of much importance by 
weason of their having been learnt in the 
school of experience. Comparatively few of 
the Roses that are frequently recommended 
for pillars are, in Mr. Tate’s opinion, suit- 
able for the purpose. Some lack the 
requisite degree’ of vigor, others haye a 
peculiarity of growth which renders it 
difficult to keep the pillars weil furnished 
after having been planted a few years, 
while in the case of a few the flowering 
season is of too brief a duration. ‘Lhe best 
of the comparatively large number of 
warieties that have been subjected to a 
thorough trial here are, in Mr. Tate’s 
pinion, Allister Stella Gray, a free-bloom- 
2ng noisette; Aimee Vibert, one of the 
eldest of the small flowered varieties of 
a@candent habit; Reine Olga de Wurtem- 
iberg, one of the most effective of the strong 
wrowers, when at its best, as is the case 
here; Crimson and Longworth Ramblers, 
WMyrianthes Renoncle, and Carmine Pillar. 
his is a small selection, but those who fol- 
Tow it will have no cause for regret. Three 
plants are used in the formation of each 
gular, and the growths are trained to a 
fzamework formed with iron rods fixed at 
either end in a stout iron ring, that at the 
base being five feet or so in diameter, and 
that at the top about two feet. Means are, 
wf course, provided for fixing the frames 
securely in the ground, and with reference 
40 their form it may be said that by having 
them wider at the base than at the apex 
the whole of the plants is fully exposed to 
atmospheric influences. Some more pillars 
that are in process of formation have a 
still wider, base than is here mentioned 
svithout any increase in the top ring, and 
tho experiment is of much interest, it being 
“oi considerable practical importance to de- 
termine how wide an angle may be 
avpied while still retaining the pillar 
form. The arches or bowers are immensely 
attractive, as also is the pavilion, which 
forms such a conspicuous object, and these 
are chiefly clothed with the varieties men- 
@ioned as having been used in the formation 
ot the pillars. The only additional variety 
as The Garland, a variety of great excel- 
Fence; in some cases two varieties are 
trained over each arch or bower, and for 
draping the pavilion Crimson Rambler, 
MMyrianthes Renoncle, and Aimee Vibert 
ware employed. 
The beds of exhibition Roses contaln 
dwarfs, standards, and half-standards, each 
‘bed being limited io one form of tree, and 
@ome are wholly occupied by one variety, 
while others contain several varieties, but 
an all cases the several classes are kept dis- 
‘tinct. Special note was made of a bed of 
standards of La France, because of ‘the 
profusion and high quality of the flowers, 
sand it may be mentioned in this connection 
that much finer blooms aro obtained from 
standards and half-standards than dwarfs, 
A bed of Mis. J. Laing was also very at- 
‘tractive, and some dozeus of blooms might 
< 
THE AUSTRALIAN GARDENER, 
have been cut that would have rendered 
good service in a close competition. Large 
numbers of exhibition varieties are also 
growp near the kitchen garden, and in 
those quarters and in the Rose gardens | 
were many superbly developed blooms of 
such fine varieties as Captain Hayward;. - 
Ulrich Brunner, Duchess of Albany, Gus- 
tave Piganeau, Dr. Sewell, Mrs. W. J. 
Grant, Margaret Boudet, Princess Beatrice 
(uncertain, but very fine when caught at its 
best), Madame Cusin, Madame Lambard, 
Anna Ollivier, Bridesmaid, Madame Cochet, 
Souvenir d’Elise Vardon, Mrs, Sharman 
Crawford, Gabriel Luizet,- Fisher Holmes, 
Horace Vernet, Suzanne Marie Rodoca- 
nachi, Caroline Kuster, aud Madame Hoste. 
1n the section of the Rose garden devoted 
to garden Roses straight lines have been 
avoided, and the beds are of varying forms 
and sizes and so disposed as to produce a 
picturesque effect. The beds are throughout 
of large size, and in the majority of cases 
the varieties uccupying each bed is limited 
to two or three, the circles round which the 
several groups of beds radiate containing 
hut one variety only.. The beds alonyside 
the central ailey are chiefly filled with the 
rather tall growers, such as Rusa Mundi, 
remarkable for its bright, glossy, even foli- 
age; R. rubrifolia, a purple-leaved species, 
so val able for the supply of sprays of 
foliage for associating with the blooms of 
the teas in decorations; Bardou, Job, 
Allister, Stella Gray, Gustave Regis, Reine 
Olga de Wurtemberg, Moschata uvivea, 
Thalia and Aglaia, two rambling Roses of 
great beauty, and Hebe’s Lip. In cther 
beds are gioricus beds of Rosa Mundi, 
Augustine Guinoiseau, Fellenb rg, Madame 
Alfred Carriere, Dr. Rouges, Mrs. Paul, 
Cramois, Ebloussant, L’Ideal, Madame 
Pierre Cochet, which may be described as a 
highly refined William Allen Richardson ; 
Royal Scarlet, Bouquet d’Or, Rosa Pissardi, 
Madame Chedane Guinoiseau, Red Damask, 
Marquis de Balbainie, R. macrantha, one 
of the finest of the single Roses, Ma 
Capucin, Papa Gontier, Buinbow, Gloire 
des Rosomaues, Gloire Lyonnais, Boule de 
Neige, Grace Darling, Camvens, Madame 
Eugene Ressal, Beaute Inconstante, Celine 
Forestier, and Isabella Sprunt. ‘Then of- 
the small flowered Polyantha group, 
Mignonette, Anna Maria Mortravel, and 
Etoile d’Or were conspicuous by reason of 
the profusion of their flowers aud pleasing 
colors. 
There is no occasion fur giving descrip- 
tion of the varieties enumerated in the pre- 
ceding paragraphs, for they are mostly well 
known, and the classes to which they belong 
and the colors can be readily ascertained by 
referring to a good trade catalogue. They 
are enumerated because of their effective- 
ness when in bloom and continuity of 
flowering. Mr. Tate regards a . perpetual 
habit as of prime iuportance in Roses 
especially grown for garden decoration, and _ 
has endeavored to limit the varieties in the 
section of the garden devoted to garden 
Roses to those which bloom during the 
greater part of the summer and autumn, 
and the names of those which have been 
found to give the best results can hardly 
fail to be useful.—‘ Gardeners’ Maga- 
zine.” 
“our winters. 
November 1, 1904. 
A NEW TYPE OF AMERICAN 
ROSE. 
At the twentieth annual meeting of the 
Society of American Florists and Orna- 
ment Horticulturists, reported in the 
“Florists’ Exchange,” ‘Mr. E. G. Hill read 
a paper upon “The Development of a new 
type of American roses,” and his remarks 
upon hybridising are worth noting by Aus- 
tralian. growers. He said: 
There are a number of distinct species 
of roses that should, and no doubt will, be 
tried for hybridising; first, I would name 
Rosa rugosa. While this species might 
not give us texture of bloom, there could 
be no doubt but that its offspring would 
have disease-resisting foliage, and a pro- 
bability of hardiness sufficient to withstand. 
This should be tried persis- 
tently, using pollen from our best Hybrid 
Teas and Hybrid Perpetuals and teas, using 
the rugosa as the seed-bearing plant; and 
while it would require a long line of cross- 
ing and crossing back, I have little doubt 
but that from this source can finally be 
secured our coveted type which would 
supply our northern gardens with an ideal 
rose. 
Bruant, Cochet, Muller, Wimtzer, and 
others have made a start in this direction. 
We have Bruant’s cross between, rugosa 
and Niphetos, named Mme. Georges 
Bruant; this variety has the lengthened 
bud of Niphetos, showing distinctly the 
influence of the tea variety. 
Blane double de Courbet is a charming 
shrub for lawn decoration and a most. jpro- 
mising subject. for cross-fertilization ; Con- 
rad FF, Meyer is a variety which has had 
transmitted much of the fulness and color 
of the male parent, which is said to be 
Gloire de Dijon. Atropurpurea, one of 
George Paul’s hybrid rugosas, will furnish 
the dark tints in any color scheme devised 
or planned. Sir Thomas Tipton, an Ame- 
rican hybrid, introduced by Conrad anc 
Jones, is said to possess many exeellent - 
characteristics. 
I mention the above, believing them to 
be the most useful of the rugosa hybrids 
and having made the most distinct breaks 
from. rugosa proper. ; 
“Other rugosa hybrids are Philemon, 
Cochet, Alice Aldrich, Belle Poitevine, 
Mme. Worth, Calocarpa, Rose Apples, 
Chedane Guinnoisseau, Christopher 
Cochet, and Pierre Leperdrieux, and these 
are notall. They are enumerated to show 
what has been done with this type, and as 
a reminder that the hybridist need not 
go back to the original, but can use some 
of the fine breaks already made. 
I wish to reiterate the previous state- 
ment, that I firmly believe that immunity 
from the disease known as “black spot” 
must come through an infusion, of rugosa 
blood, and I would further state that your” 
essayist is not speaking from practical ex- 
perience in the matter of crossing the pre- 
sent popular varieties of roses with the 
rugosas, as his efforts have been more 
largely made in trying to,secure new sorts 
suitable for forcing under glass. 
Other species of roses may offer as fruit- 
ful a field for the hybridist as the rugosa, 
