November 1, 1904 
and why not try what can be done with 
our native American species! The climb- 
ing, prairie types were secured from. this 
source, and they certainly possess hardi- 
ness in connection with a fair amount .of 
fulness—tawo distinct qualities essential to 
the new type. 
American hybridists have given us many 
charming Wichuraiana crosses, and fine re- 
sults‘ have crowned the efforts of Messrs. 
Van Fleet, Manda, Walsh, Perkms, and 
Dawson. The serious question. often pro- 
pounded is, “Are they hardy?’ Sometimes 
they winter perfectly, and again an occa- 
sional season finds them killed back severe- 
ly. Your essayist has not had long enough 
experience with outdoor-grown: stock 
Dorothy Perkins,-The Farquhar, W.... ©. 
Began, Manda’s Triumph, and other Wichu- 
‘raiana crosses to speak with certainty as to 
their hardiness, but’ he believes that it is 
affirmed of them. by. their raisers. 
Crimson Rambler is at once the most 
unique and the most satisfactory rose 
grown in the northern half of our country ; 
no other rose can dispute with it the right 
to a first place in general popularity with 
the American people, for porch and pillar 
purposes. The wide dissemination of the 
rose, its tremendous sale the present sea- 
son, and the prospective demand for future 
planting, exceed that of any other rose in- 
troduced into American gardens. 
Experiments at Richmond (Ind.) with 
this variety tend to strengthen the opinion 
that a few years will give us white, blush, 
and intermediate. shades inj this particu- 
larly interesting rose. . To be sure, we 
have had Aglaia, Thalia, and Euphrosyne, 
but between these and Turner’s Crimson 
Rambler there is a wide difference of cha- 
racter. 
To secure the new type of garden rose 
outlined will necessitate careful, painstak- 
ing labor extending over a long period. 
One year or tivo will not bring it to us. It 
has taken a full third of a century to bring 
the hybrid tea to its present stage of de- 
velopment, it is a long stride from An- 
-toine Verdier, Mile. Bonnaire, and La 
France, to the family as it is composed 
today. It might be mentioned in pass 
ing that the three varieties named above 
were the result of accidental insect polleni- 
zation. The evolution of the hybrid tea 
’ class is mentioned simply to show that time 
_and patience are prime factors in creating 
_ and perfecting a new type. 
We, the members of this society, might 
earnestly question as to how we can best 
aid in a consummation so earnestly desired, 
so necessary to the widening popularity of 
the rose in our American gardens. En- 
thustastic, personal effort must be the 
groundwork of the movement, which may 
he encouraged by the award of the society's 
medal to meritorious seedlings whose con- 
stitution and texture of bloom make them ~ 
desirable additions to our outdoor roses. 
As indicated previously, the 
this has been the aim, several very promis- 
ing varieties, other than forcingesorts, have 
efforts at’ 
Richmond have all been made in the inte-* 
yest of winter-blooming sorts, and while 
been produced, which are now being tested. 
as garden varieties. 
The florists of America have been: noto- 
riously lax as a profession, in their efforts 
to improve the rose, nearly all our finest: 
varieties being of foreign origin, and while 
we may rightly covet the honor of produc- 
ing something fine and grand, we have been 
exceedingly blameworthy in. sanctioning 
the act which robbed an eminent French: 
rosarian of his honors, when we allowed 
the renaming of Mme. Ferdinand; Jamin, 
calling it American Beauty. 
“We have the genius and talent to pro- 
duce an American type of rose if ow mem- 
bers will hut apply themselves to the task 
at hand. | Shall we attempt this work, or 
shall we go on in the old way, trusting to 
luck and to the products of foreign. skill 
to supply us with roses suitable for our 
own gardens and homes? ’ 
CARNATIONS, CLOVES, PICOTEES, 
AND PINKS. ; 
.. By Atrxis L. Horrze. 
These flowers undoubtedly rank next to 
the floral queen, the Rose, in popularity. 
~They have a great range of colors, and 
most of them are brilliant in hue. Amateurs 
should have this flower always with them, 
as nothing is more snitable for the button- 
hole than a good Carnation backed by a 
little of its own foliage; and as cut flowers 
for various decoration purposes they are 
incomparable. Some people even prefer 
the spicy odor of the Clove Carnation to the 
less pronounced scent of thé Rose.’ The 
Carnation genus is so extensive that it’ has 
been found convenient to divide it into éec- 
tions and sub-sections. It is now a difficult 
thing to define the difference between Pinks, 
Picotees, and Carnations, és the frontier 
lines hetween the Vicotee and Caraation 
‘kingdoms Have, by intercrossing, become so 
uncertain that it requires ‘an’ expert to 
“assign many of the modern ‘acquisitions to 
their proper sphere. However, broadly 
speaking, the chief difference between the 
Carnation and the Picoteeis that the former 
has a ground color on which’ some.other 
shade or tint is painted, so to’say, in un- 
equal-stripes running from the centre to the 
outer edge, called by gardeners flaking, 
while the Picotee has a pure groand. of 
white or yellow, the other tints being con- 
fined to the outer edge. of the p-tals in 
either a broad band or a mere line of color 
of eqnal tint and breadth, sometimes 
radiatiog inwards. Carnations are classified 
as selfs, flakes, bizarres, tree, fancies, Mar- 
garets, Malmaison, and others. Soelfs are 
composed of flowers of one uniform color 
throuzhout, without marks and without 
_sbadings. Among these will be found the 
very b st for ordinary purposes, as they are 
generally free growers, hardy, and, “as a 
rule, the most fragrant. Flakes ara those 
-which have the ground enlor of white or 
yellow, etc., striped lengthwise with one 
color only. Bizarres’ are those which’ have 
a pure ground as in the flakes, but marked 
‘and flaked by two or’ three colors: ~The 
edges of the petals of- Carnations:'are 
Smooth; those of the Pink’ are generally 
jagged or notched. Vicotees, which are the 
THE AUSTRALIAN GARDENER. ~ 
il 
hardiest, are only bordered with a narrow 
margin of some dark color, or spotted with: 
very small and almost imperceptible dots. 
Picotees are also divided into light and 
heavy edged varieties. | Pinks ‘are distinct. 
fromthe above in having whatis:commonly 
termed ‘“ eyes,” which are for tiie most pare 
dark, and ‘sometimes: havea -zonb of the 
same color as'the eye midway between the 
base ofthe petals or eye and the edye. ‘Lha 
Clove has’a larger blossom, and emits « 
‘pungent and delicious odor. I have uu yet 
exhausted: the list of varieties: into whict 
these: flowers are diyided,. for: there ie 
another branch of this family, a giant class 
called, (from) the name of the originaE 
variety, Souvenir de la Malmaison) the 
‘Malmaison’ Carnation, which” calls fort 
general admiration. They are’ strong.y 
clove scented, easily managed, tree flowe:— 
ing, and form excellent subjects® tor ‘the 
border or in beds by themseélves: Souve; = 
_de“la Malmaison, thé’ old favotites is euit 
blush volor, with blooms as'large as a fult— 
blown Rose, ‘but the’ newer -introduction, 
_ “Princess of Wales (rése' pink) is gradually 
but''surely displacing iti» Margarete” ace 
‘supposed to be hybrids: between the Cama- 
(tion and the Indian’-Pink (Dianthus sinen- 
Sis). '" Though-rarely ‘out of flower, they-are. 
as a rule, deficient in substance and odor. 
“Writing of Indian Pinks brings to. my mind 
the Japanese Pinks’ (Danthus. Hedwogii} & 
racé of very large-flowering, brilliantly- 
colored, half-hardy annuals. which everyone 
“should grow, as they are useful alike for 
beds or borders and are lasting and effec- 
tive as cut flowers. The name. Dianthes 
signifies ‘Flower of the Gods.” Criterion 
of a good Carnation —The stem should’ be: 
strong, tall, and erect, about 24 in: high. 
‘The flower stalks should be strong ‘and 
elastic and of a proportionate height. “The 
éorolla, or fluwer, should ‘be “about 2 
inches in diameter, not less, Consisting 
of large, well-forméd ‘petals,’ bit hot 
_too “Many to give it a crowded /ap— 
pearance, nor so few as ‘to make it appear 
‘empty. These should be long, broady'and 
substantial, the largest on ‘the outside and 
_gradually decreasing in size to the céitre. 
Dhe'petals shuuld be regularly disposed and 
“nearly flat, with’ edges free from >notches,. 
“fringe; or ‘indéiitiire of any. kind.--‘The 
’ calyx should be about an-inch in length 
‘ terminating with broad points... Whatever 
» the colors may be they shuuld be clear and 
distinct, aud disposed in: long, regular 
stripes, broadest at the margin of eaclr 
petal and graduaily becoming narrower as 
they approach ihe base of the petals an€é 
terminating in “a~fiue point. However, of 
late these rules have been very niteck 
relaxed —‘! Mount Barker Vourier 2. 
PRESERVING VARIOUS SEEDS FOR 
SOW EN Go ae ane 
One of the mysteries which beginners 
meet with in the sowing of tree and'shrule 
seeds is why. there is so much more dif 
culty in raising seedlings from them: thar 
from vegetable or flower seeds. - -They ob- 
tain their supply. of flower and vegetable 
seeds, sow them, and they grow. Let it he 
tree seeds, and. the result) is not as satis 
factory. What quite different treatment 
18 required in the preservation of tree scede 
