: 
; 
: 
~a short time. 
-of air. 
December 1, 1904 
some time. Stable manure, if thought to 
look unsightly, shculd be lightly covered 
with earth, just sufficient to cover tne 
roughness of it. 
Pruning should be done at various times 
in the season, and the separate classes of 
Roses require different| ways of pruning. 
There are winter and summer prunings. 
‘Hybrid Perpetuals——The winter pruning 
should be done in. June as a rule. Two- 
thirds of the preceding summer’s growth 
may be cut off, taking care to give the 
plants an, equal balance of shoots, so as to 
form a good head, whether it be standard, 
half-standard, or dwarf. In some varieties 
of Hybrid Perpetuals which make very long 
shoots, such as Francois Arago, Francois 
Lacharme, Duke of Edinburgh, and several 
-others that are of a pendulous habit, nearly 
the whole of the shoot may be left. You 
will then have a fine racime of flowers the 
whole length of the shoot—not that you 
will get such large show flowers as by the 
former system, but the effect is grand. 
Summer pruning should be done as soon as 
the flowers drop. Cut down to one or two 
buds under the flowering heads; they will 
then. make young wood, and flower again in 
All weak and useless wood 
should be cut out to give the plant plenty 
IT am an advocate for disbudding, 
as being the best calculated to jproduce 
flowers of the finest possible condition ; it 
keeps the plant in full health and vigor, and 
brings it to the highest state of beauty. It 
hag been successfully applied in the culti- 
vation of other trees, and why should it not 
answer equally as well with the Rose. The 
latter part of August or early in September 
is about the time to: do it, or when the buds 
or young shoots are from one to two inches 
long. There are always too many shoots 
produced. To obtain fine foliage and 
flowers, in. some cases half, in others two- 
thirds, of the buds may be removed, ac- 
cording to the variety and strength of the 
plant to be operated on. It takes but a 
short time to do it, and when pruning time 
comes round there is very little work for 
the knife; if the roots are well adjusted, 
with few exceptions there is only to shorten 
them. Climbing Roses, such as Cloth of 
Gold, Gloire de Dijon, Boursaults, Bank- 
sias, and others of a similar character re- 
quire a different mode of pruning to the 
Hybrid Perpetuals ; and all Summer Roses, 
whether they are trained to a wall trellis, 
or budded on tall standards so as to form 
a dome, which has a very fine effect, the 
dead, weak, and useless wood should be cut 
out, leaving the healthy strong wood as 
long as required. The pruning may be 
done at various times, but always after the 
main crop of flowers drop, unless the seed 
is required. Bourbons may be treated 
the same as Hybrid Perpetuals. 
Insects ann Diseasrs.—The rose in all 
its stages is, if possible, more liable to the 
attacks of insects and various diseases than 
most of any other hardy shrub. There are 
many ornamental shrubs and trees which 
grow from year to year without any appa- 
rent disease, and increase in beauty as they 
increase in size. Not so with the Rose, 
unless it be some hardy climbing variety, | 
« 
‘THE AUSTRALIAN GARDENER, 
for a choice kind of Rose left unpruned and 
uncared for only one season often becomes 
so weakly as scarce to be restored to vigor 
again. Foremost among its enemies is the 
Rose Aphis (Aphis rose), which seems to 
multiply itself aimost magically. Some 
fine evening in September you may be ad- 
miring the vigorous, healthy shoots of your 
Rose trees, apparently fresh and free from 
all bight; the next morning by 11 o’clock 
nearly every shoot may be found coated 
“with ity living world of insect life, some 
green, some brown or brownish, but all 
absorbed im one purswit—sucking the life- 
juice from every shoot and leaf. No enemy 
to the Rose is so persevering or so injurious, 
fer in twenty-four hours those fine luxu- 
riant shoots crowned with their buds of 
promise will, if left uncared for, be withered 
and unsightly. The following is an. effec- 
tive remedy: Take four ounces of quassia 
chips and boil them ten minutes ina gallon 
of soft water, strain off the chips, and add 
four ounces of soft soap, which should be 
dissolved in it as it cools—stirring it before 
using; the syringe may be employed es- 
pecially for climbing Roses, for standard: 
Roses, and Rose bushes. A. shallow dish. 
—such as milk-dish—half-filled with the 
liquid, bending the shoot down as near as 
possible to the liquid, then with a: soft 
painters’ brush every leaf can be wetted in: 
two or three minutes with but little waste. 
A. man and boy will get over a large quan- 
tity in a day. After ten minutes on so 
have elapsed, the dead and dying insects 
should be washed off the tree with pure 
water from a syringe. The much-abused 
sparrow will attack the aphis and clean the 
Rose bushes in a few days, especially im 
the spring and summer months. In the 
summer months the Curculio beetle or wee- 
vil, which hides itself in the ground, gener- 
ally close to the stems, often commits great 
ravages by eating out the centre of each 
bud and the tips of shoots. He can only 
be caught at night, and from his dark 
brown coat and size, approaching that of 
a ladybird, a sharp eye and bright light 
must be employed. 
In the months of September and Octo- 
ber the rose caterpillar makes his appear- 
ance; he may soon he detected, for he 
glues a leaf or two together to form his 
habitation. As soon as such leaves are per- 
ecived, and every morning the trees should 
be examined, these glued leaves should be 
squeezed between finger and thumb so as to 
crush him effectually. Nothing but close 
attention will save your rosebuds from be- 
ing perforated by him and ruined. No 
decoctions or infusions are of any use; the 
only remedy is the crushing one. 
The worst disease known here is the 
White Mildew, which often makes its ap- 
pearance the latter end of summer. It is 
most difficult to arrest; it does not kill 
the roses, but destroys the beauty of the 
leaves and weakens the tree. Flowers of 
sulphur sprinkled on the leaves and shoots 
in the evening when they are moist with 
the dew and washed off with the syringe 
the following morning will arrest 1t some- 
times. If the weather be hot and the sul- 
phur be suffered to remain on. the leaves 
successful this year. 
q 
all the day following, mischief often occurs 
and the leaves burn. If the weather he 
cloudy it may remain on the leaves fox 
twenty-four hours, but in all cases syringe 
the leaves and shoots abundantly with pure 
water to wash it off. 
There can be no doubt but that the Hy- 
brid Perpetual is at the present day by far 
the best class, taking everything: into con- 
sideration. They bear an abundance of 
flowers during the whole of the summer and 
autumn; their flowers are large, very 
double, most fragrant, and produced 
through the greater part of the year. Them 
habit is robust and vigorous in a remark- 
able degree; they are perfectly hardy, an€ 
will grow in almost any soil and situation. 
In brillianey of colors no other class cam 
approachi them. : 
At the same time some of the Teas, Not- 
settes, Bourbons, Mosses, and a few others 
should be in every collection, such as Belle 
Lyonaise, Cheshunt hybrid, Devoniensis, 
Gloire de Dijon, Madame Berrard, Ma 
Camille, Marechal Neil, Safrano, and Sew 
venir d’un Ami (as Teas), Aime Vibert, 
Cloth of Gold, Jaune Desprez, and Solia— 
tere (as Noisettes), Baronne Gonella, Bars 
ronne Noirmint, Charles Souchet, Leveson, 
Gower, Madame De Stella, Mrs. Bosenquet,, 
Queen of the Bourbons, Reine Victoria, 
and Souvenir d’ la Malmaison (as Bour- 
ons), are about the best in their classes, 
which are all small as compared with the 
Hybrid Perpetual class. 
’ LIGHT COLOR ROSES. 
[By .B. | 
First of all stands out pre-eminently that 
grand flower Frau Karl Druschki, This is 
a Rose of such character, and yet so easy 
to cultivate, that I opine few, if any, Rose 
gardens will be without it. The only ob- 
jection ‘to it is the rapidity with which if 
collapses. A perfectly shaped flower wilP 
fall into a mass of broken petals in a few 
minutes, and yet, singularly enough, the 
heat of an exhibition tent seems to hava 
little or no effect on a half-developed 
bloom. But it is a splendid flower, end 
will long occupy a leading—if not she 
leading—position among white Roses- 
Margaret Dickson, which last year stood 
inein-such good service, has not been so 
IL have had some 
lovely flowers, but the cold nights appear 
to have prevented the buds from developing: 
well. The same remarks apply to. Cho, 
which hae not been successful here. Marte 
Finger, on the contrary, has been lovely. £ 
do not know any Rose of its type of color 
more fascinating. Sad to say, however, is 
is scontless. We used to class Marquise da 
Castellane very high, but this Rose hae 
escaped eviction from my garden solely iz 
remembrance of bygone years; this seasom 
it has returned to some of its ancient form, 
and for the first time for a long while has 
found a not discreditable position in the ex- 
hibition ‘box. Baroness Rothschild has 
been quite good and clean, Mrs. John Laing: 
rather disappointing, Mrs: R. G. Sharman 
Crawford at times most beautiful, at others. 
wanting in shape. oe 
