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78 THE AUSTRALIAN NATURALIST. 
Clerodendron tomentosum, which grows plentifully 
on the shale soils about Sydney, is one of those which can 
be pollinated by one group only, in this case the hawk- 
moths. The tubular flowers grow in clusters, each tube 
being aboui one and a half inches long. “The limb of 
the corolla is five-parted, and stands at such an angle 
to the tube that it affords no platform for flying insects — 
to alight on. The flower is white and «cented, but always 
much more strongly at night. The stamens, when the 
flower first opens, curve outwards and upwards, while the 
style curves downward and away from the stamens, the 
bifid stigma being closed. Moths visiting the flowers in 
this stage poise on the wing, and extend their probosces — 
to probe the tube for honey. While doing this, the under 
sides of their bodies rub against the open anthers and 
take up pollen. Later, the stamens wilt and drop down out _ 
of the way, while the style curls upwards and the stigma 
opens, exposing the receptive surface. Moths visiting the 
flowers in this stage place pollen on the stigma. The 
white colour and increased scent at night point to its be- 
ing pollinated by night-flying insects, while the length of 
the tube indicates that only insects with a very long pro- 
- boscis can effect pollination. A plant in flower always has 
many hawk-moths buzzing round it. It is sometimes 
visited by the spinebill in the daytime,-and the bird can 
also effectually pollinate it. In fact, many hawk-moth 
flowers are also visited by the spinebill. The common 
garden honeysuckle has the same methods, and is pol- 
_ linated by hawk-moths too. 
Eupomatia laurina is another plant having a special 
agent for pollination. It is a brush plant, with large 
glossy leaves. The sepals and petals form a cap like that 
of Eucalyptus, which drops off at flowering time. The 
_ stamens are in two rows; the outer, which hang down in 
a fringe, are fertile; while the inner ones are broad flat 
staminodes, which are closely pressed over the flat top of 
. the ovary, in which the stigmas are embedded, and level 
with the surface. They are thus cut off from their own 
pollen. The flowers are very strongly scented, a scent 
like ripe pineapple, portwine, magnolia, with \reminis- 
- eences of bad fish. If the flowers are handled, the scent 
clings to the fingers for a considerable time. The flow- 
'-ers open near the end of December, and are immediately 
