80 THE AUSTRALIAN NATURALIST. 
between the style and walls of the corolla, become coated 
with pollen. After the pollen is all removed, the trifid 
stigma opens and curves downward, so that a bee can- 
not get into the bell without rubbing against one or other 
branch of the stigma and leaving pollen there. 
In the Goodeniaceae we again find the ring of stamens. 
But the immature stigma is surrounded by a deep cup or 
indusium, the edge of which is furnished with a_ stiff 
border of hairs. In the bud, the mouth of the cup is 
just below the base of the ring of anthers, and before the 
flower opens the style lengthens rapidly, and the brush- 
like edge of the indusium sweeps all the pollen out of the 
dehisced anthers, and it falls into the cup. This then 
closes, the flower opens, and the style takes up such a 
position that when an insect forces its way into the tube 
of the flower, the mouth of the cup comes down, and 
touches the visitor on the back. At the same time, the 
immature stigma is growing up from the bottom of the 
indusium, and gradually forces the pollen out through 
the margin pf hairs, ensuring a patch of pollen being 
placed on the insect’s back. Finally, the stigma grows 
out, becomes mature, and when the flower is visited, takes 
up pollen from the visiting insect. 
In the Candolleacee (Trigger plants) we have the 
most complicated mechanism. The stamens are reduced 
to two, and the filaments and style have grown together, 
so that the two anthers are on either side of the stigma. 
This combined organ is called the column, and bends out 
of the flowers on the front side. Insects (mostly bees) 
approach the flower from behind, and thrust their pro- 
bosces down the tube. Immediately the column flies over, 
and the anthers strike the thorax of the bee, and deposit 
pollen. later the stigma grows very large, and matures, 
_and in this stage, when the column jerks over, takes up 
pollen. As the bees always begin on the lowest flowers, 
which are in the stigmatic stage, there is no likelihood of 
their being pollinated by their own pollen, or even by that 
of another flower in the same spike. The stem, being 
coated with glandular-headed hairs, prevents small ants, 
which could not, on account of their size, act as pollina- 
tors, from rifling the flowers of their nectar. 
_ Members of the Society have an opportunity of do- 
ing very good work by observing methods of pollination 
, 
