146 THE AUSTRALIAN NATURALIST. 
ch., 4; Judg. 6 ch., 11, and elsewheze as “oak” or “elm,” but 
the Septuagint correctly makes it “Terebinth” and this name is 
also given as a side note in the Revised Version. In appearance 
the tree resembles the oak, it yields turpentine resin when tap- 
ped and is common in Palestine. 
Willow. “(Salix Babylonica). Several species of Salix 
grow in Palestine, including the Weeping Willow, and the most 
notable reference to the tree is in Psa. 187, v., 1, 2, “By the 
rivers of Babylon there we sat down; yea we wept, when we 
remembered Zion. We hanged our harps upon the willows in 
the midst thereof.” 
Tt has been suggested by Canon Tristram that the “willows” 
of the watercourses in Ley. 23 ch., 40, “And ye shall take on the 
first day the boughs of goodly trees . . . . and the willows of 
the brook” and in Isa. 44 ch., 4, “And they shall spring up 
among the grass, as willows by the water-courses” should be ren- 
dered “Oleander” (Nerium oleander), as this plant is very char- 
acteristic of such situations on the upper Jordan, fringing the 
stream with a dense growth of green, or, in the flowering season, 
of red. 
Walnut. (Juglans regia). This tree though not a native 
of Palestine, has always been largely grown there and it was 
cultivated in the garden of Solomon. In Song. Sol. 6 ch., 11, 
it is mentioned, “I went down into the garden of nuts to see 
the fruits of the valley.’ In Gen. 43 ch., 11, the nuts sent by 
Jacob with other articles to Joseph in Egypt, were not the wal- 
nut but the fruit of Pistacia vera, the pistachio nut, termed 
“botnim” in Hebrew. These were largely grown in Palestine, 
and with “balm, honey, spices, myrrh and almonds” would be 
quite appropriate. The English name “walnut” or “walled-nut,’” 
refers to the division of the kernel into four sections by the 
double wall or membrane in the centre. 
Vine. The first mention of the vine in Scripture is in Gen. 
9 ch., 20, when “Noah planted a vineyard.” or its fruit, dry- 
ing as raisins, making wine and so on, the vine was of first 1m- 
portance and frequent mention of it is made in narrative and 
parable. The Chief Butler’s dream, (Gen. 40 ch., 9-11), which 
was interpreted by Joseph, shows that the vine was cultivated in 
Egypt, and the plant is commonly represented on both Assyrian 
and Egyptian monuments. 
Raisins were a common article of food and “an hundred 
clusters of raisins” were taken with the “two hundred cakes of 
figs’ before mentioned, by Abigail (1 Sam. 25 ch., 18); raisins 
