PASSERINE BIRDS 
and Pedionomus; (19) Rall, rails and coots; (20) 
Ondes, bustards ; (21) Limicole, snipes, plovers, curlews, 
etc.; (22) Alce, auks, guillemots ; (23) Grues, cranes, 
the New Caledonian kagu, the American cariama, the 
trumpeters and the sun bird Eurypyga; (24) Colymbt, 
divers and grebes; (25) Sphenisci, penguins; (26) 
Steganopodes, pelicans, cormorants, etc.; (27) Hero- 
diones, herons and storks ; (28) Tubinares, albatross and 
petrels; (29) Palamedee@, screamers; (30) Anseres, 
ducks, geese, and swans; (31) Accipitres, eagles, vul- 
tures, hawks ; (32) Tinamt, tinamous ; (33) Struthiones, 
ostrich tribe. In the following pages will be found 
accounts of birds belonging to the majority of these 
groups. 
THE COW-PEN BIRD 
The enormous preponderance of Passerine birds over 
all others is shown by the fact that in the list of animals 
published by the Zoological Society, no less than 516 
species out of-a total of 1,676 are members of the 
Passerine group, which are, or have been, on view in 
the Society’s menagerie. This being the case, we cannot 
hope to give an adequate idea of their endless variety 
of colour and, though to a much less extent, of form, 
but must content ourselves with saying something 
about one or two types only. Passerine birds do not 
run large. The biggest is the raven; but they are 
some of them excessively small, though the humming 
birds seem to include the smallest members of the bird 
creation, and the humming birds are not Passerine, but 
members of a distinct group. In the Passerines the 
organ of voice, or the syrinx, to use Prof. Huxley’s 
term, reaches its highest complications in the way of 
structure and consequent efficiency as an organ of sound- 
production. A larger number of muscles, each moving 
the sound-producing membrane and the cartilages to 
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