SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY. 
8. The adoption of a uniform system of collecting and designating rocks 
obtained in boring. ; : 
4, The passing of legislation to prevent persons from boring for artesian 
waters without first obtaining a licence, and for the general control by the State 
of all artesian bores in the public interests, 
5. The adoption, for facilitating comparison, 
bore water analyses. 
6. The appointment, for the purpose of preventing the unnecessary multiplica- 
tion of bores, of a permanent Board of competent officials in each State, without 
whose recommendation no new bores should be constructed. 
o 
7. The adoption of a system of bedding the casing upon an impervious stratum, 
and sealing it with cement, where p 
ssible, with a view of preventing leakage, 
and thus minimizing the decrease 0} 
flow from artesian bores. 
«ee Most of the work referred to in? 
stQese recommendations has been started in 
the States of New South Wales anc “Queensland. : 
In 1914 the second. Inter-State Conference was held in Brisb 
ane, and was 
composed of the Government Geologists and Hydraulic Engineers from the several 
States. The following investig: 
gations were recommended :— 
1. Influence of thickness of Waser-bearing beds upon pressure and flow. 
.2. Comparison of pressures and flows in bores where the potentials are 
apparently the same. 
3. Correlation of temperatures, pressures, and flows. 
4. Range of increase in pressure when bores are 
to attain maximum pressure, 
5. Rate of diminution of flows, with details of any special interest. 
6. Variation in water level in non-flowing bores. 
7. Correlation of depths and temperatures, 
8. Expansion of water column with varying temperatures. 
9. Comparison of analyses, where practicable, from each flow in the same bore. 
10. Comparison of original with later analyses, 
11. Comparison of temperature and saline constituents. 
12. Qualitative and quantitative examination of gases evolved from bore 
waters. ; 
of a common system of recording 
closed, and the time required 
13. Volume of gas per unit of flow and its rel 
14. Influence of gas on pregsure. 
15. Influence of gases on corrosion of casing. 
16. Porosity and texture of water-bearing rocks. 
17. The source of the saline constituents of the water. 
18. Locating mud springs and gauging their flows, 
19. Results obtained from bores cleaned out but 
20. Detailed investigation of 
casing has been detected. 
21. Mutual interference of bores. 
22. Results obtained by the use of air lifts for ine 
23. Distribution losses in bore drains. 
The proposed third conference in Adel 
to war conditions, and there has been no fv 
since 1914. The question is of gre 
ation to discharge. 
not deepened. 
all phenomena in bores in which corrosion of 
reasing discharge of bores. 
aide in 1916 did not eventuate owing 
irther meeting of the officials concerned 
at urgency, and should be taken up again at 
the earliest moment, and any obstacles in the way of carrying out the investiga- 
elon on the problem. should be overcome, if at all possible, in order to conserve 
the water. 
The most authoritative body which has yet dealt with the question is the 
abovementioned body, and at the first conference it expressed itself as follows:— 
“As there has been a considerable amount of controversy in regard to the origin 
of artesian water and the cause of its flow, we have given special consideration 
to the question, and have no hesitation in stating that, in our opinion, the 
ascertained facts indicate that the water is almost wholly, if not entirely, derived 
from rainfall; and that 
it percolates the porous beds under the influence of 
hydraulic conditions.” 
Since that time Professor Gregory has published a paper in the Queensland 
Geographical Journal, 1914, ascribing the water to four different sources— 
1. Rain-water, which percolates underground along the exposed edge of the 
basin. 
2. Water which was included in the beds during their formation, and has 
been stored up in them—water of cisternage. 
48 
