SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY. 
presumably relatively abundant, and no difficulties exist as regards transmission. 
If two places, with dissimilar climatic conditions, both show a prevalence of worm 
nodules in their local cattle, then there must be some common factor, presumably 
a common vector, linking those two localities together, but separating them from 
places where worm nodules do not develop. 
It was with the above object in view that this investigation was undertaken, 
and the results of the survey fully warrant the time and trouble expended in the 
undertaking. Some remarkable and unusual results have been obtained, from 
which, after careful perusal and more thorough investigation, important points 
may emerge, either at our own hands or at those of others whose attention may be 
directed to the matter. Thus we find that, in certain highly-situated places on the 
central tablelands, namely, Oberon, Bathurst, and Blayney, worm nodules were 
not detected in the cattle. In the Riverina, and on the south-western slopes in 
general, with one or two partial exceptions, in the southern tablelands, in the 
New England district, in the Sydney district, and in portions of the north and 
south coast, worm nodules are few. Whilst the southern tablelands and New 
England district perhaps owe their fewness of worm nests to the same conditions 
that render those absent in the Bathurst and Blayney districts, it is probable 
that in the Riverina and slopes and in various parts of the coastal area other 
factors are responsible. In the neighbourhood of Sydney this may be due 
to the nearness of human habitations which, were March flies the vectors, would 
certainly tend to make them less numerous. In other cases it may be due to the 
clearing of land from timber, and putting it under cultivation, which may be 
deleterious to the abundance of the vector. We find on the central western slope 
at Dubbo, in the central tablelands at Mudgee, at Inverell, at Tamworth, and in 
the north-western plains, that worm nodules are frequent, whilst the heaviest 
infestation of all has been found at Kendall, the site fortunately chosen by us for 
our special investigations. It is clear that at Kendall exceptionally favorable 
conditions occur for the transmission of the larval worms, and that in the other 
places just mentioned yery good conditions, though not such perfect ones, exist. 
These two types of district are very dissimilar in climate and in surroundings, 
and yet they must possess some common factor which is less operative in the 
Riverina or the cold high tablelands. 
Though these points bring out in general the results obtained, a number of 
anomalies exist. Thus we find in certain districts that different towns, or even 
dairies close together near the same town, may show considerable difference in the 
percentages of cattle affected with worm nodules. For instance, in the Upper 
North Coast District, at Bangalow, 4.9 per cent. of cows were affected, whereas at 
Ballina there were 41 per cent.; again, in the New England District, at Glen 
Innes, we have 2.2 per cent.; at Tenterfield, 5.5 per cent.; and at Inverell, 41.6 per 
cent. Then, again, at Junee we haye 3.2 per cent., and at Albury, 22.4 per cent. 
TABULATION OF RESULTS. 
"i Number 
Number | Number | ocaily | Number : Ne 
District. of Cows path _ | bred with a of percaas per affected 
examined. aes Worm- Nests. Baila de, Cows. 
art, nests. 
UPPER NORTH Coast. 
Murwillumbah is ae, 49 7 7 23 14°38 3°38 
Bangalow .. a te 41 2 2 5 4*9 2°5 
Ballina ot =f we 75 31 31 81 41 2°6 
Lismore .. asf - 55 13 11 32 236 24 
Casino re a ae 20 3 3 3 15 1 
Mallanganee Ae ab 83 24 24 37+ 29 1:5 
323 H 80 78 181+ 24°7 22 
