SCIENCE AND ITS APPLICATION TO MARINE PROBLEMS. 
inconvenience, suffering, and anxiety, for the submarine menace, at one 
time threatening and uncomfortably dangerous, would never have been 
able to materialize. 
4, Apprications or Science unpER Prace Connirions. 
Under peace conditions many important technical systems and 
devices brought forward during the war will find immediate application 
as aids to navigation. 
_ By means of directional wireless systems, ships or aircraft in the 
English Channel, the North Sea, or in the eastern and western portions 
of the North Atlantic, can be given their positions when prevented from 
getting it by the existence of fogs or unfavorable weather. 
By means of sound-ranging, it is possible to fix the positions of light 
vessels, buoys which indicate channels and obstructions, such as sunken 
ships. Ships steaming in fog up the Channel, or approaching the shores 
of Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, or Labrador, can be given their posi- 
tions with accuracy for ranges up to as much’as 500 miles. 
Seaplanes and aircraft in distress in the neighbourhood of the British 
Isles or near the coast of America can call for help and be located when 
wireless gear becomes inoperable by simply dropping depth charges. 
In hydrographic work generally, sound-ranging will be of the greatest 
service, for surveys can be made, and investigations of sea-beds carried 
out, in fogs as well ag in fair weather without the delays which have 
been experienced in the past. The positions of the localities being 
investigated can always be determined in a few minutes when once a 
sound-ranging station has been established on some shore within reach. 
By Leader gear laid in such areas as the River St. Lawrence, the 
entrance to the Thames or to Halifax Harbor, the. Straits of Dover, 
&e., in-and-out lanes of traffic can be organized which can be maintained 
with ease in fogs. 
The echo methods to which reference has been made can be used 
for sounding, for locating icebergs, surface vessels, and rock-bound 
coasts in a fog, as well as for locating submarines. 
Helium, which was originally produced as a filling for airships, 
can be utilized for the production of illuminating agents, and for pro- 
viding a means for investigating the fundamental properties of matter 
at the lowest temperatures attainable by man. 
Developments in internal combustion engines, in electric drive, and 
in the fuel values of new materials, which were to be corporated in the 
Navy, will be of enormous value to the mercantile marine in the 
future. 
Advances made in wireless telegraphy and telephony, and in secret’ 
signalling by specific types of radiation for war purposes, will also prove 
of great service under peace conditions by providing us with novel, 
efficient, and less costly methods of communication. 
5. Proposep Soren Tiric EsrasrisuMENtTSs ror THE Furure. 
With a view to developingeand extending the scientific results which 
were obtained under stress of war, the Admiralty has recently put 
forward proposals for the permanent establishment of a Department 
of Research and Experiment within the Navy. 
0.17078.—4, nin 
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