ECONOMICAL USES 63 
opposite and alternate, s. the sepals alternating with 
the petals p. which alternate with five stamens st. which 
again alternate with five ovaries ov. All the parts of 
the flower are placed separate from each other, in order 
to express the idea of so many different whorls. 
104. The economical uses to which different parts of 
plants have been applied, would form a very long list 
if enumerated in order; but the following very brief 
account may not be without interest. 
_ 105. The Sxxp is made to furnish many useful and 
necessary articles of diet and consumption,—the prin- 
cipal of these is flour, which is the albumen of wheat; 
the testa yielding bran: meal, is also the albumen of 
Oats, Barley, Rye, Peas, Beans, Maize, and other 
grains, Starch is also obtained from the flour of 
Wheat. From the Castor Oil seeds and Almonds, are 
obtained oils which bear the above respective names ; 
Linseed Oil is the product of the seeds of the common 
Flax. The oily substance called Chocolate is obtained 
from the roasted seeds of the tree called Cacao; not 
Cocoa Nut; and Coffee is the roasted albumen of the 
Coffee seed, or berry. The usetul article called Cotton, 
consists of the hairs which cover the seeds of the 
Cotton Plant. 
106. The Roor furnishes us with Sugar in the Beet 
Root, and a kind of farinaceous diet in the Carrot. 
107. From the Stem of the Sugar Cane, Sugar is 
obtained, by expression and evaporation. Rice Paper is 
the stem of a plant of very delicate structure, carefully 
cut so as to unroll into thin plates, which are afterwards 
pressed flat. From the bark of a kind of Oak, Cork 
