48 RECORDS VOLUME XII, FEB. 1920. 
Explanation of Fig. 1. page 47. Stomach and accessory 
organs of an adult English Sparrow. Cc, crop; P, proven- 
triculus; s, spleen; o, pylorus (exit from stomach); sh. 
gizzard, Pl, pyloric division of same; Pi, pancres; I P, lon- 
gitudinal section of gizzard; to right, transverse section 
of same; w, thickened, muscular walls in both; 1, intes- 
tine; oe, oesophagus; co, caeca. 
bits of stone in the gizzard of any woodpecker was in a 
Flicker, which, however, belongs to a group of ant-eating 
species, which have somewhat muscular gizzards and al- 
together a rather peculiar digestive system, see fig 4. 
I could find no cause for the death of this Downy, 
but it was certainly not starved. 
2. This bird had been dead along time, but whatI was 
able to see of the viscera convinced me that it had died of 
some disease and not from stravation. Both Downys were 
Qs. 
Redpoll. 
1. An adult ¢'. Much emaciated and with crop and pro- 
ventriculus empty. but the gizzard was half full of sand. 
with no trace of food of any kind, 
2. A young (in much the same condition as the above. 
Both are typical examples ot birds which have died of 
starvation. When birds are deprived of food foran unus- 
ual length of time, the fat which they have accumulated 
within their bodies isdrawn upon for nourishment. When 
this has gone, and no food is obtained, portions of the 
muscles and connective tissues are absorbed. Then the 
body becomes light and emaciated; the birds’ strength 
is exhausted and they soon die. 
