C. Horne— Notes on the ruins at Bananas and Jaunpur. [No. 2, 
Again, the brackets within the courtyard which supported the eaves 
of the upper cloister have originally been animals. Their forms have 
been defaced, but it cannot be concealed, and surely no Muslim ever put these 
up. Throughout the three mosques at Jaunpur there are built into the re¬ 
stored or altered parts, such as the gateways, and domes, very many defaced 
Hindu figures, chiefly Buddhist, built face inwards into the masonry, all 
shewing most plainly whence the materials were obtained. 
The Mahawanso tells us that the pulpit in Buddhistical Viharas always 
faced the East, and that the principal door faced the East also. Hence the 
direction of Makkah was already arranged for. 
The great porch of the Jaunpur mosques may be entirely of Muham¬ 
madan construction ; but the principle of the arrangement of the doorway 
is very ancient Hindu, whereby the light enters from over the high door and 
falls at a certain hour on the figure of Sakhya, which was always placed upon 
a ‘ singhasan,’ or throne, facing due East. 
The cloisters around appear to be much as they ever were, excepting that 
they have been constantly repaired, and pillars here and there replaced. 
I have never heard of such pillars being claimed by Musalmans ; and we find 
the same at the rock cave temple in Bihar, whilst the cruciform capitals 
are as ancient as any form of Indian architecture that I know of. 
The centre gateways are manifestly inserted, and although ancient mate¬ 
rials have been used, the work is Muslim. Here any unprejudiced person can 
see at a glance how the ancient work has been overlapped and built in. He has 
only to look at the columns and at the ground basement moulding running 
under the very steps. This basement moulding appeared to Mr. Sherring and 
myself to be part of the original building, and here I may remark that the 
Muhammadans, when preparing a mosque, never cared to disturb the good old 
foundations or the basement moulding. They built on whatever they found 
that suited their purpose, and hence we find mere ancient substructures. 
In General Cunningham’s Report for 1862-63, para. 261, p. 23, he says, 
speaking of remains at Kanauj—“ On comparing, therefore, this cloistered 
Masjid (the Sita-ka-Rasui) with those of Jaunpur, which are acknowledged 
rearrangements of Hindu materials, we see at once that.are not Mu¬ 
hammadan. Vide also para. 261, which applies still closer to Jaunpur. 
As doubtless the masons employed by the Muslims were Hindus, any 
mason marks made by them during the rearrangements would prove nothing. 
They are not therefore quoted in this place. Some were published by me 
in the 4 Builder,’ of June 26th, 1869. 
The cloister pillars also shew beneath the new work of the porch, 
which is scaling off and falling down. 
The whole country in this neighbourhood was formerly covered with 
ancient temples, and we found in the foundation under the front gateway 
