103 
1873.] C. H orne— Notes on the ruins at Bananas and Jaunpur. 
of the Lai Darwazah a Hindu pillar carved over with chains and bells. 
The fact that Jaunpur, under some other name, is not mentioned by the 
Chinese travellers is not surprising ; for, as I said before, the whole country is 
covered with the remains of such buildings, and they had enough to see and 
describe without going out of their way. 
Before leaving these interesting buildings, I would wish to remark a 
curious coincidence. The “ Sita-ka-Rasui” at Kanauj is quoted by Mr. 
Fergusson from Cunningham’s Report as having been rearranged from a 
Jain temple by the very Ibrahim Shah of Jaunpur in 1106, A. D., i. e. 
just the same time as that assigned by that gentleman (viz., A. D. 1119) 
for the erection of the Jaunpur mosque by Ibrahim Shah. The inference is 
very clear. He says that they were commenced at this time, and finished 
by Husain, 1151-78. 
In all this, I do not deny that the Muslims may have copied ancient 
patterns in carving, as is notably seen in old cloisters in the Fort at Raj- 
ghat, Banaras, the adaptation of which has never been disputed, and they 
certainly used carved stones found on or near the spot for their new work. 
Mr. Fergusson writes to me that our difference of opinion is not one of 
degree, it is absolute ; “ I deny in toto that these mosques are built on Bud- 
“ dhist sites, or that their details are Buddhist, or even copied from Buddhist 
“ buildings.” 
o 
The closed cells under the courts are not wanting, and are visible in a 
marked degree under the Mosque of Aurungzeb in the centre of Banaras, 
where all may see them. 
The very many ancient carved stones found within the precincts of the 
mosques prove that at the best they were sites of buildings of great antiquity. 
I will now say a little relative to the ruins of Bakharya Kund and the 
grounds upon which we (Mr. Shering and I) assigned them the date we did, 
viz., that of the Gupta dynasty, according to Mr. Fergusson, 300 to 100 B. C. 
At Jaunpur, I am not aware of any inscriptions having been found to 
fix the conversion of the mosques ; but at Bakharya Kund we were more 
fortunate, and the reader will find one of the time of Firuz Shah, A. D. 
1375, quoted by Mr. E. Thomas in his work on the Chronicles of the Pathan 
kings of Delhi, to shew how they appropriated and built upon temples 
which came to their hand. In fact, I may in passing remark, that I 
have only found one temple at Banaras which can claim date before the 
time of Mahmud, the destroyer of temples. It is at Klmndua on the Pach- 
kosi road, and is well worthy of the visit of any passing archaeologist. 
The Chinese traveller of the 7th century, Hwen Tlisang, mentions many 
Buddhist monasteries at Banaras in his day, and states that there were thirty, 
to most of which were probably attached temples, and considering the massive 
structure of the day, I hold that some remains must exist even now. Hence 
Mr. Sherring and 1 examined well the line of country where they were 
