1873.] 
173 
John Beames— Grammar of Chand Barden. 
Chanel’s noun is rather a formless affair, as might have been expected, 
not only from the age in which he wrote, but from the style common to all 
those most obscure and difficult of writers, the Hindi poets. Like them, he 
loves to string together crude nouns, and leaves the reader to construct 
sentences out of them by mentally supplying the needful case-signs. This 
he does not merely in his rhapsodies where perhaps no very definite meaning 
is to be expected, but even in his narrative portions. Thus in the very first 
stanza 
fsR; 
(Literally) Firm. Going Living being. Life. Possessing quali¬ 
ties of sandal-wood. 
All which may be put together into a sentence as the reader likes ; 
or again— 
cpCfcf ^ 
Kali (yuga). Heroes. Heroes. Well. Strife. 
?T^T ^ 
King. Brahmin. Neck. Bind. 
Other instances afford a clue by some verbal form, or by the context; as 
^ II 
To all men anxiety arose. I. 149. 2. 
for ; 
to ii 
service much wealth is gained. I. 262. 8. 
which may be rendered in Mod. Hindi thus §«r ^ %?TT % 
fTT<sT II 
The darbar became like a tank full of blood as water. V. 37. 1. 
In full thus—*TT~T WT %. 
The case-signs, however, are fully and freely used when the metre allows, 
and I shall now give instances of their use, exhibiting the more ancient as 
well as the transitional forms, and those which are identical in form with 
the modern post-position. 
The objective case, including both dative and accusative, is indicated by 
the preposition, concerning whose origin I reseiwe my opinion for the 
present, Variant forms are efif, from the last of which by 
dropping the anuswara comes the modern ^T. 
^ ii 
He seeks one of you. I. 88. 9. 
# Provisionally, Trurapp’s theory of the origin of this form from ^T'S, resulting 
from jjfrf by aspiration of the rf owing to elision of the n, may be accepted, but thore 
are difficulties even in this theory. (See his Sindhi Gram. p. 115). Caldwell’s con¬ 
nection of this form with the Dravidian ku ( Icku) must in any case be regarded as 
finally exploded and no longer tenable, 
22 
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