1873.] 
John Beames— Grammar of CJi and Bar dal. 
181 
For the future where no very strong idea of futurity is implied, the 
indefinite present is used, as in 7}T %f 4 then I will quit the body.’ 
But the ordinary form of the future is derivable directly from the second or 
periphrastic future of Sanskrit, as in VffarTT%, cTTf%, and in the third per¬ 
son postulates a non-classical form Vffqrrrf%, for which in Sanskrit we have 
only ssferTT without the substantive verb. The forms are— 
Singular. Plural. 
1. 
2 . 
3. 
To be referred back to a Sanskrit series, Singular 
; Plural ^rf%<TT^?b [^f%?TPif?r], but in all cases with 
elision of the syllable «TT, so that we should imagine a form 
The terminations rest on the excessive corruption of the feeble verb 
so that becomes and then, by rejection of f%. The 
resolution of tt into its component parts, the labial and nasal, so frequently 
noticed in other instances, gives i|)t, whence so that we have three words 
one from ^Tf^r, a second from and a third from As a good 
instance of this verb in a transitional state the Marathi forms may be ad¬ 
duced. 
Singular. Plural. 
1 . 
2 . 
3. 
^7% (^f%0 
(w) 
(^Tcr) 
In old Hindi also, as for instance in Kabir’s Bamaini, occur the forms 
‘ is’ and ‘ are,’ from which we get ^ and ^ in mod. Hindi. 
It would lead me too far away from my present object, which is merely 
to illustrate Cliand’s forms, were I to work out all these processes here. 1 
content myself therefore with merely noticing them, and pass on to give 
examples. Of the first person we have already had the instances 
‘ I will yield,’ as it were, from fut. of the causal of with ^th) 
and ^K^t, 4 1 will place.’ The third person, with which the second is 
identical in form, was shown in 4 he shall swallow;’ for the first 
plural 
?:TaT ii 
We nobles all will fight, 
That the kingdom of the Chandel may not perish. XXI. 
94. 3-4. 
* We must tako tlio full ancient forms assi, asmah, astha, and asanti , instead of 
the more modern classical Sanskrit forms, as the letters which have boen dropped in 
the latter are phonetically necessary to produce tho Marathi, Hindi, andotlior words. 
23 AA 
